{"id":950197,"date":"2024-12-27T00:28:16","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:28:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/950197.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T00:28:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:28:19","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%b3%a8%e5%86%8cajax","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/950197.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6ce8\u518cajax"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6ce8\u518cajax\"<\/p>\n

Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u6216Django\u7b49\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001JSON\u6570\u636e\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0cFlask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Python Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002Django\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u5728Flask\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4f7f\u7528@app.route<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528request<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u83b7\u53d6AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528jsonify<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u5728Flask\u4e2d\u6ce8\u518cAJAX\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001FLASK\u4e0eAJAX\u7684\u6574\u5408<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Flask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Python Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u4e0eAJAX\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728Flask\u4e2d\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6eFlask<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8981\u5f00\u59cb\u5728Flask\u4e2d\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Flask\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install Flask<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u7136\u540e\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684Flask\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from flask import Flask, jsonify, request<\/p>\n
    app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
    @app.route('\/')<\/p>\n
    def index():<\/p>\n
        return 'Hello, World!'<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u521b\u5efaAJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8def\u7531<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528Flask\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8def\u7531\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cAJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f1a\u4ee5POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728Flask\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2aPOST\u8def\u7531\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    @app.route('\/ajax', methods=['POST'])<\/p>\n
    def ajax_request():<\/p>\n
        data = request.get_json()<\/p>\n
        response = {'message': 'Data received', 'data': data}<\/p>\n
        return jsonify(response)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\/ajax<\/code>\u7684\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7request.get_json()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u53d1\u9001\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528jsonify<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2aJSON\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528JAVASCRIPT\u53d1\u9001AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u524d\u7aef\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u4e2d\u7684XMLHttpRequest<\/code>\u6216fetch<\/code> API\u6765\u53d1\u9001AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u7684fetch<\/code> API\u53d1\u9001AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u4f7f\u7528fetch API<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      <button id="sendRequest">Send AJAX Request<\/button><\/p>\n
      <script><\/p>\n
          document.getElementById('sendRequest').addEventListener('click', function() {<\/p>\n
              fetch('\/ajax', {<\/p>\n
                  method: 'POST',<\/p>\n
                  headers: {<\/p>\n
                      'Content-Type': 'application\/json'<\/p>\n
                  },<\/p>\n
                  body: JSON.stringify({name: 'John', age: 30})<\/p>\n
              })<\/p>\n
              .then(response => response.json())<\/p>\n
              .then(data => console.log(data))<\/p>\n
              .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/p>\n
          });<\/p>\n
      <\/script><\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6309\u94ae\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u70b9\u51fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76d1\u542c\u5668\u3002\u5f53\u6309\u94ae\u88ab\u70b9\u51fb\u65f6\uff0cJavaScript\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528fetch<\/code> API\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\/ajax<\/code>\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u4e2d\u5305\u542bJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e00\u65e6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u4f1a\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aJSON\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528then()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u4e2d\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      .then(response => response.json())<\/p>\n
      .then(data => console.log(data))<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728JavaScript\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u65b0\u9875\u9762\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001FLASK\u4e0eAJAX\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7279\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\uff0cFlask\u4e0eAJAX\u7684\u6574\u5408\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n
        \u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57df\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528flask-cors<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        pip install flask-cors<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u7136\u540e\u5728Flask\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u542f\u7528CORS\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        from flask_cors import CORS<\/p>\n
        app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
        CORS(app)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20<\/strong><\/p>\n
        AJAX\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5f02\u6b65\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u3002\u5728Flask\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4f20\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4f7f\u7528request.files<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        @app.route('\/upload', methods=['POST'])<\/p>\n
        def upload_file():<\/p>\n
            if 'file' not in request.files:<\/p>\n
                return jsonify({'error': 'No file part'})<\/p>\n
            file = request.files['file']<\/p>\n
            if file.filename == '':<\/p>\n
                return jsonify({'error': 'No selected file'})<\/p>\n
            file.save('\/path\/to\/save\/' + file.filename)<\/p>\n
            return jsonify({'message': 'File uploaded successfully'})<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528FormData<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u4e0a\u4f20\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        var formData = new FormData();<\/p>\n
        formData.append('file', fileInput.files[0]);<\/p>\n
        fetch('\/upload', {<\/p>\n
            method: 'POST',<\/p>\n
            body: formData<\/p>\n
        })<\/p>\n
        .then(response => response.json())<\/p>\n
        .then(data => console.log(data))<\/p>\n
        .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n
        \u5728\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Flask\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u5904\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        @app.errorhandler(404)<\/p>\n
        def not_found_error(error):<\/p>\n
            return jsonify({'error': 'Not found'}), 404<\/p>\n
        @app.errorhandler(500)<\/p>\n
        def internal_error(error):<\/p>\n
            return jsonify({'error': 'Internal server error'}), 500<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728catch()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001Django\u4e0eAJAX\u7684\u6574\u5408<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u9f50\u5168\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728Django\u4e2d\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u521b\u5efaDjango\u9879\u76ee<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86Django\uff0c\u5e76\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Django\u9879\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          pip install Django<\/p>\n
          django-admin startproject myproject<\/p>\n
          cd myproject<\/p>\n
          python manage.py startapp myapp<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u5b9a\u4e49\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u5728Django\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528JsonResponse<\/code>\u6765\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u54cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          from django.http import JsonResponse<\/p>\n
          from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt<\/p>\n
          @csrf_exempt<\/p>\n
          def ajax_request(request):<\/p>\n
              if request.method == 'POST':<\/p>\n
                  data = json.loads(request.body)<\/p>\n
                  response = {'message': 'Data received', 'data': data}<\/p>\n
                  return JsonResponse(response)<\/p>\n
              return JsonResponse({'error': 'Invalid request'}, status=400)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u914d\u7f6eURL\u8def\u7531<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u9700\u8981\u5728urls.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u8def\u7531\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u6307\u5411\u5904\u7406AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u89c6\u56fe\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          from django.urls import path<\/p>\n
          from . import views<\/p>\n
          urlpatterns = [<\/p>\n
              path('ajax\/', views.ajax_request, name='ajax_request'),<\/p>\n
          ]<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        4. \n
          \u524d\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528AJAX<\/strong><\/p>\n
          \u524d\u7aef\u90e8\u5206\u4e0eFlask\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u7684fetch<\/code> API\u53d1\u9001AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\u7981\u7528CSRF\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u5305\u542bCSRF\u4ee4\u724c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0cAJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5982\u5206\u9875\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u3001\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u9875<\/strong><\/p>\n
            \u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5206\u9875\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0\u5206\u9875\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            def get_paginated_data(request):<\/p>\n
                page = int(request.GET.get('page', 1))<\/p>\n
                per_page = 10<\/p>\n
                start = (page - 1) * per_page<\/p>\n
                end = start + per_page<\/p>\n
                data = MyModel.objects.all()[start:end]<\/p>\n
                data_list = list(data.values())<\/p>\n
                return JsonResponse({'data': data_list})<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d1\u9001\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u9875\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            fetch(`\/get_paginated_data?page=${page}`)<\/p>\n
            .then(response => response.json())<\/p>\n
            .then(data => updatePage(data))<\/p>\n
            .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u5b9e\u73b0\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/strong><\/p>\n
            \u641c\u7d22\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u529f\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u53d1\u9001\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            def search_data(request):<\/p>\n
                query = request.GET.get('query', '')<\/p>\n
                data = MyModel.objects.filter(name__icontAI<\/a>ns=query)<\/p>\n
                data_list = list(data.values())<\/p>\n
                return JsonResponse({'data': data_list})<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u7684\u503c\u52a8\u6001\u53d1\u9001\u641c\u7d22\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            fetch(`\/search_data?query=${searchQuery}`)<\/p>\n
            .then(response => response.json())<\/p>\n
            .then(data => updateSearchResults(data))<\/p>\n
            .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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