{"id":950497,"date":"2024-12-27T00:38:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:38:23","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T00:38:25","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T16:38:25","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%93%e4%b9%b1list","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/950497.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u6253\u4e71list"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u6253\u4e71\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528random\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u3002shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u539f\u5730\u6d17\u724c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8fd4\u56de\u65b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u4e71\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u4e71\u5217\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u662frandom\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u5217\u8868\u5185\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import random<\/p>\n
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
random.shuffle(my_list)<\/p>\n
print(my_list)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86random\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868my_list\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528random.shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u987a\u5e8f\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528print()\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5370\u6253\u4e71\u540e\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fFisher-Yates\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u504f\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u4ece\u672a\u6d17\u8fc7\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0cshuffle()\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u5728\u539f\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4efb\u4f55\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5148\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u526f\u672c\uff0c\u518d\u5bf9\u526f\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u6253\u4e71\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(n)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dn\u662f\u5217\u8868\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5217\u8868\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\u3002\u5176\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u5305\u62ec\u968f\u673a\u6392\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6253\u4e71\u5361\u724c\u987a\u5e8f\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u968f\u673a\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528sample()\u51fd\u6570\u751f\u6210\u6253\u4e71\u5217\u8868<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\uff0crandom\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373sample()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6253\u4e71\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4e0eshuffle()\u4e0d\u540c\uff0csample()\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539\u539f\u59cb\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u539f\u59cb\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528sample()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import random<\/p>\n
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
shuffled_list = random.sample(my_list, len(my_list))<\/p>\n
print(shuffled_list)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8c03\u7528random.sample()\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5c06my_list\u548c\u5176\u957f\u5ea6len(my_list)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u5165\u3002sample()\u51fd\u6570\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86my_list\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e14\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u6027\u80fd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sample()\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u539f\u59cb\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u5143\u7d20\u6765\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u751f\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u5217\u8868\u4e5f\u662f\u65e0\u504f\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136sample()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u540c\u6837\u4e3aO(n)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6bd4shuffle()\u7a0d\u591a\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
sample()\u51fd\u6570\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4fdd\u7559\u539f\u59cb\u5217\u8868\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5217\u8868\u800c\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u539f\u59cb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6c60\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6253\u4e71\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6253\u4e71\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6253\u4e71\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u793a\u4f8b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86Fisher-Yates\u6d17\u724c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import random<\/p>\n
def custom_shuffle(lst):<\/p>\n
    n = len(lst)<\/p>\n
    for i in range(n - 1, 0, -1):<\/p>\n
        j = random.randint(0, i)<\/p>\n
        lst[i], lst[j] = lst[j], lst[i]<\/p>\n
    return lst<\/p>\n
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
shuffled_list = custom_shuffle(my_list.copy())<\/p>\n
print(shuffled_list)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0ccustom_shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86Fisher-Yates\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5217\u8868\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4ea4\u6362\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u4ece\u672a\u6d17\u8fc7\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u4e0e\u5c40\u9650<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7279\u5b9a\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6570\u751f\u6210\u5668\u6216\u8005\u5728\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d17\u724c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u624b\u52a8\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u65e0\u504f\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u8fc7\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7279\u6b8a\u968f\u673a\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u4e2d\u6f14\u793a\u6d17\u724c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u56db\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u6253\u4e71\u5217\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662fshuffle()\u3001sample()\u548c\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
shuffle()\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f18\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n