{"id":954782,"date":"2024-12-27T02:03:51","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:03:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/954782.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T02:03:54","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:03:54","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8b%e5%86%85%e5%ad%98%e7%bb%86%e8%8a%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/954782.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u7ec6\u8282"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u7ec6\u8282\"<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u67e5\u770bPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5e93\uff0c\u5982memory-profiler\u3001psutil\u3001objgraph<\/strong>\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cmemory-profiler\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790Python\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u548c\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u67e5\u770b\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\uff1bpsutil\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u800cobjgraph\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6790Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528memory-profiler\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u51fd\u6570\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u4f18\u5316Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001MEMORY-PROFILER\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Memory-profiler\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u544a\u8bc9\u4f60\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u884c\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u591a\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668@profile\u6765\u76d1\u63a7\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u8981\u4f7f\u7528memory-profiler\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install memory-profiler<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u88c5\u9970\u5668@profile\u6765\u76d1\u63a7\u7279\u5b9a\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from memory_profiler import profile<\/p>\n
    @profile<\/p>\n
    def my_function():<\/p>\n
        a = [i for i in range(10000)]<\/p>\n
        return a<\/p>\n
    if __name__ == "__mAI<\/a>n__":<\/p>\n
        my_function()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0cmemory-profiler\u4f1a\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6bcf\u4e00\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      memory-profiler\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      mprof run my_script.py<\/p>\n
      mprof plot<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e0a\u8ff0\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u56fe\u8868\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001PSUTIL\u5e93\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      psutil\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8de8\u5e73\u53f0\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ecCPU\u3001\u5185\u5b58\u3001\u78c1\u76d8\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5psutil\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        pip install psutil<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528psutil\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import psutil<\/p>\n
        def get_memory_info():<\/p>\n
            memory = psutil.virtual_memory()<\/p>\n
            print(f"Total Memory: {memory.total \/ (1024  3):.2f} GB")<\/p>\n
            print(f"Available Memory: {memory.available \/ (1024  3):.2f} GB")<\/p>\n
            print(f"Used Memory: {memory.used \/ (1024  3):.2f} GB")<\/p>\n
            print(f"Memory Usage: {memory.percent}%")<\/p>\n
        if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
            get_memory_info()<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u83b7\u53d6\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          psutil\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import psutil<\/p>\n
          def get_process_memory_info(pid):<\/p>\n
              process = psutil.Process(pid)<\/p>\n
              memory_info = process.memory_info()<\/p>\n
              print(f"Process ID: {pid}")<\/p>\n
              print(f"RSS: {memory_info.rss \/ (1024  2):.2f} MB")<\/p>\n
              print(f"VMS: {memory_info.vms \/ (1024  2):.2f} MB")<\/p>\n
          if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
              get_process_memory_info(psutil.Process().pid)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e09\u3001OBJGRAPH\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          objgraph\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u590d\u6742\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u5b89\u88c5objgraph\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            pip install objgraph<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4f7f\u7528objgraph\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed8\u5236\u5bf9\u8c61\u5f15\u7528\u56fe\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import objgraph<\/p>\n
            def test_objgraph():<\/p>\n
                a = []<\/p>\n
                b = [a, [a], {'a': a}]<\/p>\n
                objgraph.show_refs([b], filename='refs.png')<\/p>\n
            if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                test_objgraph()<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u6587\u4ef6'refs.png'\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u5bf9\u8c61b\u53ca\u5176\u5f15\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              objgraph\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u6570\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              import objgraph<\/p>\n
              def memory_leak_example():<\/p>\n
                  a = []<\/p>\n
                  objgraph.show_growth(limit=3)<\/p>\n
              if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                  memory_leak_example()<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\uff0cobjgraph\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u54ea\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u589e\u957f\u6700\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u56db\u3001PYTHON\u5185\u7f6e\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u9664\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. sys\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                sys\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u83b7\u53d6Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                import sys<\/p>\n
                def get_object_size(obj):<\/p>\n
                    size = sys.getsizeof(obj)<\/p>\n
                    print(f"Object size: {size} bytes")<\/p>\n
                if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                    get_object_size([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. tracemalloc\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  tracemalloc\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8ddf\u8e2a\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5e76\u67e5\u627e\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  import tracemalloc<\/p>\n
                  def start_memory_trace():<\/p>\n
                      tracemalloc.start()<\/p>\n
                  def display_top_memory_usage():<\/p>\n
                      snapshot = tracemalloc.take_snapshot()<\/p>\n
                      top_stats = snapshot.statistics('lineno')<\/p>\n
                      print("[ Top 10 Memory Usage ]")<\/p>\n
                      for stat in top_stats[:10]:<\/p>\n
                          print(stat)<\/p>\n
                  if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                      start_memory_trace()<\/p>\n
                      # Your code here<\/p>\n
                      display_top_memory_usage()<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u4e94\u3001\u4f18\u5316PYTHON\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u5728\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u4f18\u5316Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \u751f\u6210\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u624d\u751f\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u521b\u5efa\u6574\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5217\u8868\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    def my_generator():<\/p>\n
                        for i in range(10000):<\/p>\n
                            yield i<\/p>\n
                    if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                        for value in my_generator():<\/p>\n
                            print(value)<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u51cf\u5c11\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u4e00\u76f4\u5360\u7528\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u9650\u5236\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      1. \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6c60<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5b58\u6c60\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5206\u914d\u548c\u91ca\u653e\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u603b\u7ed3\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u548c\u4f18\u5316Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u6d88\u8017\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u63a7\u5236Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                         \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f<\/strong>
                        \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sys<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u548cresource<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7sys.getsizeof()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u7528resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982psutil<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n
                        Python\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\uff1f<\/strong>
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