{"id":956281,"date":"2024-12-27T02:32:09","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/956281.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T02:32:11","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T18:32:11","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%92%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/956281.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u6252\u7f51\u7ad9\u4fe1\u606f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u6252\u7f51\u7ad9\u4fe1\u606f\"<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d:
Python\u6252\u7f51\u7ad9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u3001\u8fd0\u7528Selenium\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u7ed3\u5408BeautifulSoup\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff1b\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u9759\u6001\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6216Scrapy\u7b49\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528REQUESTS\u5e93\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5de5\u4f5c\u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884cpip install requests<\/code>\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1. \u5bfc\u5165requests\u5e93\uff1b2. \u4f7f\u7528requests.get(url)<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1b3. \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff08\u72b6\u6001\u7801200\u8868\u793a\u6210\u529f\uff09\uff1b4. \u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response.text<\/code>\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5730\u6293\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BEAUTIFULSOUP\u89e3\u6790HTML<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u89e3\u6790\u5668\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7075\u6d3b\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip install beautifulsoup4<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u6790HTML\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1. \u5bfc\u5165BeautifulSoup\u5e93\uff1b2. \u5c06\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9BeautifulSoup\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aBeautifulSoup\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b3. \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528soup.find()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528soup.find_all()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u6240\u6709\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001SCRAPY\u6846\u67b6\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Python\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e13\u4e3a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7f51\u7edc\u6293\u53d6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4e0erequests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u7ec4\u5408\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cScrapy\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u6293\u53d6\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u548c\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1. \u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip install scrapy<\/code>\u5b8c\u6210\uff1b2. \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684Scrapy\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528scrapy startproject project_name<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff1b3. \u5b9a\u4e49\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\uff1b4. \u5728\u722c\u866b\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7f16\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1b5. \u8fd0\u884c\u722c\u866b\u5e76\u4fdd\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Scrapy\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u652f\u6301\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u722c\u866b\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5bfc\u51fa\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\uff0c\u662f\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SELENIUM\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884cJavaScript\u624d\u80fd\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0cSelenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4e0e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u5b83\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip install selenium<\/code>\u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff08\u5982ChromeDriver\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1. \u5bfc\u5165Selenium\u5e93\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff1b2. \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u521b\u5efa\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b3. \u4f7f\u7528browser.get(url)<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u52a0\u8f7d\u7f51\u9875\uff1b4. \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u7f51\u9875\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1b5. \u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Selenium\u867d\u7136\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u9700\u8981\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u901f\u5ea6\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests\u548cBeautifulSoup\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\uff1b\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6216Scrapy\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3002Scrapy\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5bfc\u51fa\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5c06\u6293\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3aCSV\u3001JSON\u7b49\u683c\u5f0f\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6301\u4e45\u5316\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982SQLite\u3001MySQL\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u642d\u914d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Beautiful Soup\u6216Scrapy\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5229\u7528requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u89e3\u6790\u8fd4\u56de\u7684HTML\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230CSV\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u9700\u6ce8\u610f\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u9075\u5faa\u722c\u866b\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u54ea\u4e9bPython\u5e93\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u722c\u866b\uff1f<\/strong>
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