{"id":959296,"date":"2024-12-27T03:39:27","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T19:39:27","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T03:39:30","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T19:39:30","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%af%bc%e5%85%a5txtx%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/959296.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u5165txtx\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u5165txtx\u6587\u4ef6\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165txt\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u3001pandas\u5e93\u3001numpy\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cpandas\u5e93\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u52bf\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

open\u51fd\u6570\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2atxt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528read\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u6253\u5f00txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
    # \u8bfb\u53d6\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
    data = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0copen('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8')<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08'r'\uff09\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cencoding='utf-8'<\/code>\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u4ee5UTF-8\u7f16\u7801\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u5185\u5b58\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
    for line in file:<\/p>\n
        print(line.strip())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
for line in file<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cstrip()<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u79fb\u9664\u6bcf\u884c\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
pandas\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u683c\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u8bfb\u53d6csv\u683c\u5f0f\u7684txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679ctxt\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662fcsv\u683c\u5f0f\uff08\u5373\u4ee5\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u7684\u503c\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u7684read_csv<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6csv\u683c\u5f0f\u7684txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df = pd.read_csv('example.csv', encoding='utf-8')<\/p>\n
print(df.head())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
pandas\u4f1a\u5c06csv\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e3aDataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eExcel\u8868\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u8bfb\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u7684txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u9694\u7b26\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5236\u8868\u7b26\uff08tab\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9asep<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pandas\u8bfb\u53d6\u5236\u8868\u7b26\u5206\u9694\u7684txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df = pd.read_csv('example.txt', sep='\\t', encoding='utf-8')<\/p>\n
print(df.head())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
numpy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6570\u503c\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u7684loadtxt<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u503c\u683c\u5f0f\u7684txt\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u503c\u6570\u636e<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6570\u503c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528numpy.loadtxt<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import numpy as np<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528numpy\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u503c\u6570\u636e\u7684txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = np.loadtxt('example.txt', delimiter=',')<\/p>\n
print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
delimiter<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u9694\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982csv\u5e93\u3001io\u5e93\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1 \u4f7f\u7528csv\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
csv\u5e93\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u5e93\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406csv\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import csv<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528csv\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6csv\u683c\u5f0f\u7684txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('example.csv', newline='', encoding='utf-8') as csvfile:<\/p>\n
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)<\/p>\n
    for row in reader:<\/p>\n
        print(row)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2 \u4f7f\u7528io\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
io\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9762\u5411\u6587\u672c\u548c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import io<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528io\u5e93\u8bfb\u53d6txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with io.open('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
    data = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    with open('example.txt', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:<\/p>\n
        data = file.read()<\/p>\n
        print(data)<\/p>\n
except FileNotFoundError:<\/p>\n
    print("\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002")<\/p>\n
except PermissionError:<\/p>\n
    print("\u6ca1\u6709\u6743\u9650\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u3002")<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
    print(f"\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef\uff1a{e}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bfc\u5165txt\u6587\u4ef6\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002open\u51fd\u6570\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0cpandas\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0cnumpy\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/strong>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6txtx\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6txtx\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u9996\u5148\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u8bfb\u53d6\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528read()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528readlines()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
with open('filename.txtx', 'r') as file:\n    content = file.read()\nprint(content)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u67e5\u770b\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u652f\u6301\u54ea\u4e9b\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\uff1f<\/strong>
\u9664\u4e86txtx\u6587\u4ef6\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u5305\u62ecCSV\u3001JSON\u3001Excel\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982pandas<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406CSV\u548cExcel\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u800cjson<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97Python\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u7075\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u5bfc\u5165txtx\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6216\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7b49\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f7f\u7528try<\/code>\u548cexcept<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
try:\n    with open('filename.txtx', 'r') as file:\n        content = file.read()\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n    print("\u6587\u4ef6\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u8bf7\u68c0\u67e5\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u540d\u79f0\u3002")\nexcept Exception as e:\n    print(f"\u53d1\u751f\u9519\u8bef: {e}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165txt\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528open\u51fd\u6570\u3001pandas\u5e93\u3001numpy\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u5176\u4e2d […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":959303,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/959296"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=959296"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/959296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":959304,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/959296\/revisions\/959304"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/959303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=959296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=959296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=959296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}