{"id":960868,"date":"2024-12-27T03:53:30","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T19:53:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/960868.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T03:53:32","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T19:53:32","slug":"python%e5%bc%82%e6%ad%a5%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%94%af%e6%8c%81rpc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/960868.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5f02\u6b65\u5982\u4f55\u652f\u6301rpc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5f02\u6b65\u5982\u4f55\u652f\u6301rpc\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5f02\u6b65\u652f\u6301RPC\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u5e93\u5982asyncio\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u6846\u67b6\u5982gRPC\u3001\u5229\u7528\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u5982RabbitMQ\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u534f\u8bae\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528gRPC\u7ed3\u5408Python\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002gRPC\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\uff08RPC\uff09\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u5bf9\u6d41\u5f0f\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u901a\u8fc7gRPC\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65RPC\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408gRPC\u548cPython\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684RPC\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001ASYNCIO\u4e0eRPC\u7ed3\u5408<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

asyncio\u662fPython\u7528\u4e8e\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u534f\u7a0b\u3001\u4efb\u52a1\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u4f7f\u7528RPC\u65f6\uff0casyncio\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7ba1\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4e0e\u534f\u7a0b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5728asyncio\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u662f\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5b83\u8d1f\u8d23\u8c03\u5ea6\u534f\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u7b49\u5f85IO\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u5c06\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ea4\u8fd8\u3002\u534f\u7a0b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6682\u505c\u548c\u6062\u590d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528async def<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728RPC\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u534f\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684RPC\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u7a0b\u6765\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u7b49\u5f85\u54cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    import asyncio<\/p>\n
    async def rpc_call():<\/p>\n
        # \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n
        print("Sending request")<\/p>\n
        awAI<\/a>t asyncio.sleep(1)  # \u6a21\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u5ef6\u8fdf<\/p>\n
        # \u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
        print("Received response")<\/p>\n
    asyncio.run(rpc_call())<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u4efb\u52a1\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u534f\u7a0b\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u8c03\u5ea6\u534f\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u63d0\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728RPC\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    async def handle_request(request_id):<\/p>\n
        print(f"Handling request {request_id}")<\/p>\n
        await asyncio.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
        print(f"Finished request {request_id}")<\/p>\n
    async def main():<\/p>\n
        tasks = [asyncio.create_task(handle_request(i)) for i in range(5)]<\/p>\n
        await asyncio.gather(*tasks)<\/p>\n
    asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001GRPC\u4e0ePYTHON\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    gRPC\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684RPC\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u5bf9\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002Python\u7684gRPC\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0easyncio\u65e0\u7f1d\u96c6\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u6d88\u606f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      gRPC\u4f7f\u7528Protocol Buffers\u5b9a\u4e49\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      syntax = "proto3";<\/p>\n
      service Greeter {<\/p>\n
          rpc SayHello (HelloRequest) returns (HelloResponse);<\/p>\n
      }<\/p>\n
      message HelloRequest {<\/p>\n
          string name = 1;<\/p>\n
      }<\/p>\n
      message HelloResponse {<\/p>\n
          string message = 1;<\/p>\n
      }<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u670d\u52a1\u7aef<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528gRPC\u751f\u6210Python\u4ee3\u7801\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import asyncio<\/p>\n
      from concurrent import futures<\/p>\n
      import grpc<\/p>\n
      import greeter_pb2<\/p>\n
      import greeter_pb2_grpc<\/p>\n
      class GreeterServicer(greeter_pb2_grpc.GreeterServicer):<\/p>\n
          async def SayHello(self, request, context):<\/p>\n
              response = greeter_pb2.HelloResponse()<\/p>\n
              response.message = f"Hello, {request.name}"<\/p>\n
              return response<\/p>\n
      async def serve():<\/p>\n
          server = grpc.aio.server()<\/p>\n
          greeter_pb2_grpc.add_GreeterServicer_to_server(GreeterServicer(), server)<\/p>\n
          server.add_insecure_port('[::]:50051')<\/p>\n
          await server.start()<\/p>\n
          await server.wait_for_termination()<\/p>\n
      asyncio.run(serve())<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u63a5\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import asyncio<\/p>\n
      import grpc<\/p>\n
      import greeter_pb2<\/p>\n
      import greeter_pb2_grpc<\/p>\n
      async def run():<\/p>\n
          async with grpc.aio.insecure_channel('localhost:50051') as channel:<\/p>\n
              stub = greeter_pb2_grpc.GreeterStub(channel)<\/p>\n
              response = await stub.SayHello(greeter_pb2.HelloRequest(name='World'))<\/p>\n
              print(f"Greeter client received: {response.message}")<\/p>\n
      asyncio.run(run())<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u5229\u7528\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u5982RABBITMQ\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65RPC<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65RPC\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u9760\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6d88\u606f\u8def\u7531\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002RabbitMQ\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u961f\u5217\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u6d88\u606f\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728RabbitMQ\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d88\u606f\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u8def\u7531\u5230\u961f\u5217\u3002\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u961f\u5217\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6d88\u8d39\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eRPC\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u961f\u5217\u548c\u591a\u4e2a\u54cd\u5e94\u961f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u5b9e\u73b0\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u6d88\u606f\u5230\u8bf7\u6c42\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e34\u65f6\u961f\u5217\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u53d1\u9001\u56de\u4e34\u65f6\u961f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pika<\/code>\u5e93\u4e0eRabbitMQ\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import pika<\/p>\n
        import uuid<\/p>\n
        class RpcClient:<\/p>\n
            def __init__(self):<\/p>\n
                self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))<\/p>\n
                self.channel = self.connection.channel()<\/p>\n
                self.callback_queue = self.channel.queue_declare(queue='', exclusive=True).method.queue<\/p>\n
                self.channel.basic_consume(queue=self.callback_queue, on_message_callback=self.on_response, auto_ack=True)<\/p>\n
                self.response = None<\/p>\n
                self.corr_id = None<\/p>\n
            def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):<\/p>\n
                if self.corr_id == props.correlation_id:<\/p>\n
                    self.response = body<\/p>\n
            def call(self, n):<\/p>\n
                self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4())<\/p>\n
                self.channel.basic_publish(<\/p>\n
                    exchange='',<\/p>\n
                    routing_key='rpc_queue',<\/p>\n
                    properties=pika.BasicProperties(reply_to=self.callback_queue, correlation_id=self.corr_id),<\/p>\n
                    body=str(n)<\/p>\n
                )<\/p>\n
                while self.response is None:<\/p>\n
                    self.connection.process_data_events()<\/p>\n
                return int(self.response)<\/p>\n
        rpc_client = RpcClient()<\/p>\n
        print(f"Requesting fib(30)")<\/p>\n
        response = rpc_client.call(30)<\/p>\n
        print(f"Got {response}")<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ece\u8bf7\u6c42\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u6d88\u8d39\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u961f\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import pika<\/p>\n
        def on_request(ch, method, props, body):<\/p>\n
            n = int(body)<\/p>\n
            print(f"Calculating fib({n})")<\/p>\n
            response = fib(n)<\/p>\n
            ch.basic_publish(<\/p>\n
                exchange='',<\/p>\n
                routing_key=props.reply_to,<\/p>\n
                properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id=props.correlation_id),<\/p>\n
                body=str(response)<\/p>\n
            )<\/p>\n
            ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)<\/p>\n
        def fib(n):<\/p>\n
            if n == 0:<\/p>\n
                return 0<\/p>\n
            elif n == 1:<\/p>\n
                return 1<\/p>\n
            else:<\/p>\n
                return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)<\/p>\n
        connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('localhost'))<\/p>\n
        channel = connection.channel()<\/p>\n
        channel.queue_declare(queue='rpc_queue')<\/p>\n
        channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)<\/p>\n
        channel.basic_consume(queue='rpc_queue', on_message_callback=on_request)<\/p>\n
        print("Awaiting RPC requests")<\/p>\n
        channel.start_consuming()<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u7ed3\u5408Python\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684RPC\u6846\u67b6\u6216\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
         \u5f02\u6b65RPC\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f18\u52bf\uff1f<\/strong>
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