{"id":961508,"date":"2024-12-27T03:59:21","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T19:59:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/961508.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T03:59:23","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T19:59:23","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%86%99%e5%90%8e%e7%ab%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/961508.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5199\u540e\u7aef"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/25103724\/f8bdda31-6aab-4b90-8383-46f759d5b8cc.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5199\u540e\u7aef\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>Python\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6846\u67b6\uff08\u5982Django\u3001Flask\uff09\u3001\u5229\u7528\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982PostgreSQL\u3001MySQL\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u5efaAPI\uff08\u5982RESTful API\u3001GraphQL\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u540e\u7aef\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/strong> \u5176\u4e2d\uff0cDjango\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u9879\u76ee\uff1bFlask\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u8f7b\u91cf\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u662f\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdPython\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6846\u67b6\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u96c6\u6210\u3001API\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001\u6846\u67b6\u9009\u62e9\uff1aDjango\u4e0eFlask<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u9009\u62e9Python\u540e\u7aef\u6846\u67b6\u65f6\uff0cDjango\u548cFlask\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52a3\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Django<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684Python Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5e72\u51c0\u3001\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u5b83\u5185\u7f6e\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u9762\u677f\u3001ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e1a\u52a1\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\uff1a<\/strong> Django\u7684\u201cDjango-admin\u201d\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210\u9879\u76ee\u9aa8\u67b6\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u521d\u59cb\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/strong> \u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5982\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u754c\u9762\u7b49\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> Django\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9632\u8303\u5e38\u89c1\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>Flask<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>Flask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684WSGI Web\u5e94\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff1a<\/strong> Flask\u672c\u8eab\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u7ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u652f\u6301\u901a\u8fc7\u6269\u5c55\u6dfb\u52a0\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982ORM\u3001\u8868\u5355\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5fae\u6846\u67b6\uff1a<\/strong> \u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u6216\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\uff1a<\/strong> \u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u7b80\u6d01\u6027\uff0cFlask\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u66f2\u7ebf\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e73\u7f13\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u65b0\u624b\u5feb\u901f\u4e0a\u624b\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u96c6\u6210<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u65e0\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u96c6\u6210\u3002Python\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5305\u62ecPostgreSQL\u3001MySQL\u7b49\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7ORM\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528SQL\u6765\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>ORM\uff08\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>ORM\u662f\u6307\u4f7f\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u6765\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684Python ORM\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecDjango ORM\u548cSQLAlchemy\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Django ORM\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e0eDjango\u6846\u67b6\u7d27\u5bc6\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>SQLAlchemy\uff1a<\/strong> \u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u9009\u62e9<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>PostgreSQL\uff1a<\/strong> \u5f00\u6e90\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u590d\u6742\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>MySQL\uff1a<\/strong> \u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e2d\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001API\u6784\u5efa<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e94\u7528\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u670d\u52a1\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6784\u5efaAPI\u662f\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>RESTful API<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>REST\uff08Representational State Transfer\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684API\u67b6\u6784\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u65e0\u72b6\u6001\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u63a5\u53e3\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Flask-RESTful\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u6784\u5efaREST API\u7684Flask\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8def\u7531\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Django REST Framework\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e3aDjango\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927REST API\u6784\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8ba4\u8bc1\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>GraphQL<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>GraphQL\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684API\u67e5\u8be2\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7531Facebook\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8bf7\u6c42\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Graphene\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6784\u5efaGraphQL API\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4e0eDjango\u548cFlask\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/strong> \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u8fc7\u591a\u6216\u8fc7\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u7f13\u5b58<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u7f13\u5b58\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5e38\u7528\u6570\u636e\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u6b21\u6570\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u62ecRedis\u548cMemcached\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Redis\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u6e90\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u6d88\u606f\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Memcached\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u5185\u5b58\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f13\u5b58\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u52a8\u6001Web\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Asyncio\uff1a<\/strong> Python\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u534f\u7a0b\u548c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Celery\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4efb\u52a1\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u5b9a\u65f6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u540e\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6784\u5efa\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u662f\u9632\u6b62\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Form Validation\uff1a<\/strong> \u4f7f\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u81ea\u5e26\u7684\u8868\u5355\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5982Django Forms\u6216WTForms\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sanitization\uff1a<\/strong> \u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u7406\uff0c\u79fb\u9664\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6076\u610f\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u8ba4\u8bc1\u4e0e\u6388\u6743<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p>\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u8272\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u9650\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>JWT\uff08JSON Web Tokens\uff09\uff1a<\/strong> \u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u7d27\u51d1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4ee4\u724c\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>OAuth\uff1a<\/strong> 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<strong>\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Python\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5f00\u53d1\u540e\u7aef\uff1f<\/strong><br 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API\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u5982SQL\u6216NoSQL\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5305\u62ec\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff08\u5982\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\uff09\u3001\u7248\u672c\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u5982Git\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b66\u4e60Docker\u7b49\u5bb9\u5668\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u90e8\u7f72\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8Python\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff1f<\/strong><br 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