{"id":963556,"date":"2024-12-27T04:19:17","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T20:19:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/963556.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T04:19:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T20:19:19","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87python%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e6%95%88%e7%8e%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/963556.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347python\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u5347python\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\"<\/p>\n

\u63d0\u5347Python\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5229\u7528\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Cython\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u4f7f\u7528JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u51e0\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5728\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u8db3\u591f\u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u53d8\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5982\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u6216\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\uff09\u5c06\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4ee5\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f18\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u63d0\u5347Python\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u624b\u6bb5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u5b9e\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u641c\u7d22\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u641c\u7d22\u867d\u7136\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4e0b\u6548\u7387\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u4e8c\u5206\u641c\u7d22\u5219\u5728\u6709\u5e8f\u6570\u7ec4\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81\u4ee5\u53ca\u64cd\u4f5c\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u660e\u667a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.2\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u65e6\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u5192\u6ce1\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u63d2\u5165\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6392\u5e8f\u548c\u5f52\u5e76\u6392\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u66f4\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\uff0cDijkstra\u7b97\u6cd5\u548cA*\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u5404\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u5206\u6cbb\u6cd5\u7b49\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u4ee5\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8d2a\u5fc3\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u9009\u62e9\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e0c\u671b\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u52a8\u6001\u89c4\u5212\u5219\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u5b58\u50a8\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5404\u6709\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2.1\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5982\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5143\u7ec4\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u96c6\u5408\u5219\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u53bb\u91cd\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u5728\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0cPython\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff08\u5982NumPy\u3001Pandas\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002NumPy\u7684\u6570\u7ec4\u5728\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u800cPandas\u7684DataFrame\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u901a\u8fc7\u5e95\u5c42\u7684C\/C++\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u7eafPython\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u3001\u5229\u7528\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u63d0\u5347Python\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u591a\u6838\u5904\u7406\u5668\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3.1\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684threading<\/code>\u548cmultiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9002\u5408I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u66f4\u9002\u5408CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728GIL\uff08\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff09\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

3.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u884c\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Joblib\u3001Dask\u548cRay\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5728\u591a\u6838\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cDask\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u533a\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Cython\u7b49\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Cython\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06Python\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aC\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4.1\u3001Cython\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u5728Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u7c7b\u578b\u58f0\u660e\uff0cCython\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684C\u6269\u5c55\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Cython\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

4.2\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u52a0\u901f\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86Cython\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u5982PyPy\uff08\u4e00\u4e2aJIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff09\u548cNumba\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff09\u4e5f\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8Python\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002PyPy\u901a\u8fc7JIT\u6280\u672f\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u8bd1Python\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800cNumba\u5219\u4e13\u95e8\u9488\u5bf9\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fdb\u884c\u4f18\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

JIT\uff08Just-In-Time\uff09\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u8bd1\u548c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

5.1\u3001PyPy<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

PyPy\u662fPython\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u91c7\u7528JIT\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u8bb8\u591aPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0cPyPy\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u52bf\u5c24\u5176\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

5.2\u3001Numba<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

Numba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u652f\u6301NumPy\u6570\u7ec4\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u88c5\u9970\u5668\uff0cNumba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u51fd\u6570\u7f16\u8bd1\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u5347\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u516d\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u901a\u5e38\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

6.1\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

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6.2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

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\u4e03\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

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7.1\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u7f13\u5b58\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002Python\u7684functools.lru_cache<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ed3\u679c\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

7.2\u3001\u61d2\u52a0\u8f7d\u548c\u60f0\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

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