{"id":965308,"date":"2024-12-27T04:36:37","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T20:36:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/965308.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T04:36:40","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T20:36:40","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%b8%8b%e8%bd%bd%e6%89%b9%e9%87%8f%e4%b8%8b%e8%bd%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/965308.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u548cos<\/code>\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5e38\u89c1\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5Python\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u5e93\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0cos<\/code>\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/code>\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u57fa\u7840\u4e0b\u8f7d\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u529f\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e0b\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def download_file(url, save_path):<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
        response.rAI<\/a>se_for_status()  # \u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u6210\u529f<\/p>\n
        with open(save_path, 'wb') as f:<\/p>\n
            f.write(response.content)<\/p>\n
        print(f"Downloaded: {save_path}")<\/p>\n
    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as http_err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"HTTP error occurred: {http_err}")<\/p>\n
    except Exception as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Other error occurred: {err}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528requests.get()<\/code>\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5b9e\u73b0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684URL\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386\u8be5\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u8c03\u7528\u4e0b\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def download_files(url_list, save_dir):<\/p>\n
    if not os.path.exists(save_dir):<\/p>\n
        os.makedirs(save_dir)<\/p>\n
    for url in url_list:<\/p>\n
        file_name = os.path.basename(url)<\/p>\n
        save_path = os.path.join(save_dir, file_name)<\/p>\n
        download_file(url, save_path)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u68c0\u67e5\u4fdd\u5b58\u76ee\u5f55\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u7136\u540e\u904d\u5386URL\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u9010\u4e2a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def download_file(url, save_path):<\/p>\n
    try:<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=10)  # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n
        response.raise_for_status()<\/p>\n
        with open(save_path, 'wb') as f:<\/p>\n
            f.write(response.content)<\/p>\n
        print(f"Downloaded: {save_path}")<\/p>\n
    except requests.exceptions.Timeout:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Timeout occurred for URL: {url}")<\/p>\n
    except requests.exceptions.HTTPError as http_err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"HTTP error occurred: {http_err}")<\/p>\n
    except Exception as err:<\/p>\n
        print(f"Other error occurred: {err}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u65f6\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7a0b\u5e8f\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u5f85\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6548\u7387<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4f7f\u7528concurrent.futures<\/code>\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import concurrent.futures<\/p>\n
def download_files_concurrently(url_list, save_dir):<\/p>\n
    if not os.path.exists(save_dir):<\/p>\n
        os.makedirs(save_dir)<\/p>\n
    with concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:<\/p>\n
        futures = [executor.submit(download_file, url, os.path.join(save_dir, os.path.basename(url))) for url in url_list]<\/p>\n
        for future in concurrent.futures.as_completed(futures):<\/p>\n
            try:<\/p>\n
                future.result()<\/p>\n
            except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
                print(f"Error occurred: {e}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7ThreadPoolExecutor<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6c60\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528submit<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\u3002max_workers<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u5e76\u53d1\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1arequests<\/code>\u5e93\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u9996\u9009\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u5e76\u53d1\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0b\u8f7d\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5e76\u53d1\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u6587\u4ef6\u547d\u540d\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6587\u4ef6\u8986\u76d6\u6216\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n
  5. \u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u8f7d\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u6392\u67e5\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u73b0Python\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5177\u5907\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u8981\u4f7f\u7528Python\u8fdb\u884c\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528os<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u5b58\u50a8\u3002\u9996\u5148\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86requests<\/code>\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4pip install requests<\/code>\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u60a8\u53ea\u9700\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4ef6\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5faa\u73af\u904d\u5386\u8be5\u5217\u8868\u5e76\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n
    import requests\nimport os\n\nfile_urls = ['http:\/\/example.com\/file1.jpg', 'http:\/\/example.com\/file2.jpg']  # \u6587\u4ef6\u94fe\u63a5\u5217\u8868\ndownload_folder = 'downloads'  # \u6307\u5b9a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\n\nif not os.path.exists(download_folder):\n    os.makedirs(download_folder)  # \u521b\u5efa\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\n\nfor url in file_urls:\n    response = requests.get(url)\n    file_name = os.path.join(download_folder, url.split('\/')[-1])\n    with open(file_name, 'wb') as f:\n        f.write(response.content)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u4e0b\u8f7d\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u65ad\u548c\u91cd\u8bd5\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u91cd\u8bd5\u673a\u5236\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e0b\u8f7d\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528try-except<\/code>\u5757\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u91cd\u65b0\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684Session<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5982\u4f55\u4e0b\u8f7d\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\u8f7d\u901f\u5ea6\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5982\u679c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\u8f7d\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528time.sleep()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u4e0b\u8f7d\u540e\u6682\u505c\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9020\u6210\u8fc7\u5927\u538b\u529b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
    import requests\nimport os\nimport time\n\nfile_urls = ['http:\/\/example.com\/file1.jpg', 'http:\/\/example.com\/file2.jpg']\ndownload_folder = 'downloads'\n\nif not os.path.exists(download_folder):\n    os.makedirs(download_folder)\n\nfor url in file_urls:\n    response = requests.get(url)\n    file_name = os.path.join(download_folder, url.split('\/')[-1])\n    with open(file_name, 'wb') as f:\n        f.write(response.content)\n    time.sleep(2)  # \u9650\u5236\u4e0b\u8f7d\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6682\u505c2\u79d2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0Python\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e0b\u8f7d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6279\u91cf\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\u548cos\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e0b\u8f7d\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5728P […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":965318,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/965308"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=965308"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/965308\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":965319,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/965308\/revisions\/965319"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/965318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=965308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=965308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=965308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}