{"id":967175,"date":"2024-12-27T04:54:36","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T20:54:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/967175.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T04:54:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T20:54:38","slug":"python%e7%9a%84%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/967175.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\"<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u800c\u975e\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u503c\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u952e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u53ca\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/strong>\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdPython\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u521b\u5efa\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7 {}<\/code>\uff0c\u5728\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u5185\u7528\u5192\u53f7 :<\/code> \u5206\u9694\u952e\u548c\u503c\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u5143\u7ec4\uff0c\u800c\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

# \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n
my_dict = {}<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25, 'city': 'New York'}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7 dict()<\/code> \u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5217\u8868\u6216\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528dict()\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n
my_dict = dict(name='Alice', age=25, city='New York')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0e\u5220\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u65f6\u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8981\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u6307\u5b9a\u65b0\u7684\u952e\u548c\u503c\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u66f4\u65b0\u5176\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6dfb\u52a0\u6216\u66f4\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n
my_dict['emAI<\/a>l'] = 'alice@example.com'<\/p>\n
my_dict['age'] = 26  # \u66f4\u65b0\u5df2\u6709\u952e\u7684\u503c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5220\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 del<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6216 pop()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002del<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u952e\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c pop()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u5220\u9664\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n
del my_dict['city']<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pop()\u65b9\u6cd5\u5220\u9664\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u5176\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
age = my_dict.pop('age')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 KeyError<\/code> \u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8be5\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 get()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u6307\u5b9a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n
name = my_dict['name']<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528get()\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
age = my_dict.get('age', 'Not Available')  # \u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8fd4\u56de\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 items()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001keys()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u952e\u3001values()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9<\/p>\n
for key, value in my_dict.items():<\/p>\n
    print(f"{key}: {value}")<\/p>\n
\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for key in my_dict.keys():<\/p>\n
    print(key)<\/p>\n
\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u503c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for value in my_dict.values():<\/p>\n
    print(value)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u591a\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f<\/strong>
    \u5b57\u5178\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5217\u8868\u63a8\u5bfc\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6839\u636e\u67d0\u79cd\u89c4\u5219\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    # \u521b\u5efa\u5e73\u65b9\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n
    square_dict = {num: num2 for num in range(1, 6)}<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u5408\u5e76\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u5b57\u5178<\/strong>
    Python 3.9\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5408\u5e76\u548c\u66f4\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 |<\/code> \u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u5408\u5e76\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 |=<\/code> \u66f4\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}<\/p>\n
    dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}<\/p>\n
    \u5408\u5e76\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    merged_dict = dict1 | dict2<\/p>\n
    \u66f4\u65b0\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    dict1 |= dict2<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u5b57\u5178<\/strong>
    collections<\/code> \u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684 defaultdict<\/code> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5728\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\u65f6\u5f15\u53d1\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from collections import defaultdict<\/p>\n
    \u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6574\u6570\u503c\u7684\u5b57\u5178<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    default_dict = defaultdict(int)<\/p>\n
    default_dict['count'] += 1<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u516d\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u6570\u636e\u5206\u7ec4<\/strong>
      \u5b57\u5178\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6309\u7c7b\u522b\u5206\u7ec4\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u6309\u90e8\u95e8\u5206\u7ec4\u5458\u5de5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      employees = [<\/p>\n
          {'name': 'Alice', 'department': 'HR'},<\/p>\n
          {'name': 'Bob', 'department': 'IT'},<\/p>\n
          {'name': 'Charlie', 'department': 'HR'}<\/p>\n
      ]<\/p>\n
      department_dict = defaultdict(list)<\/p>\n
      for employee in employees:<\/p>\n
          department_dict[employee['department']].append(employee['name'])<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u7f13\u5b58\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong>
      \u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u7f13\u5b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u8ba1\u7b97\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      def fibonacci(n, cache={}):<\/p>\n
          if n in cache:<\/p>\n
              return cache[n]<\/p>\n
          if n < 2:<\/p>\n
              return n<\/p>\n
          result = fibonacci(n-1, cache) + fibonacci(n-2, cache)<\/p>\n
          cache[n] = result<\/p>\n
          return result<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e<\/strong>
      \u7531\u4e8e\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u503c\u6620\u5c04\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u67e5\u627e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4eceID\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u540d\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      id_to_name = {1001: 'Alice', 1002: 'Bob', 1003: 'Charlie'}<\/p>\n
      name_to_id = {name: id for id, name in id_to_name.items()}<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u60a8\u5bf9Python\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u4f5c\u4e3aPython\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u6027\u4f7f\u5176\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
       \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7 {}<\/code> \u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528 dict()<\/code> \u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u7531\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u4e0e\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u901a\u8fc7\u5192\u53f7 :<\/code> \u5206\u9694\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmy_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}<\/code> \u6216 my_dict = dict(name='Alice', age=25)<\/code> \u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u59d3\u540d\u548c\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u5728Python\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\uff0c\u952e\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u590d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u503c\u4f1a\u8986\u76d6\u65e7\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmy_dict['name'] = 'Bob'<\/code> \u5c06\u4f1a\u628a 'name' \u7684\u503c\u4ece 'Alice' \u6539\u4e3a 'Bob'\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u952e\u4ee5\u7ef4\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
      \u5982\u4f55\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff1f<\/strong>
      \u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u952e\u6765\u7d22\u5f15\u3002\u901a\u8fc7 my_dict['key']<\/code> \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmy_dict['name']<\/code> \u5c06\u8fd4\u56de 'Alice'\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1 KeyError<\/code>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 get()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982 my_dict.get('name', 'Not Found')<\/code>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de 'Alice'\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u8fd4\u56de 'Not Found'\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u800c\u975e\u7d22\u5f15\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u503c\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u3001\u53ef […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":967179,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967175"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=967175"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":967183,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967175\/revisions\/967183"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/967179"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=967175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=967175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=967175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}