{"id":969003,"date":"2024-12-27T05:12:25","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:12:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/969003.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T05:12:28","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:12:28","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3python%e7%9a%84%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/969003.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3python\u7684\u6a21\u5757"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3python\u7684\u6a21\u5757\"<\/p>\n

\u7406\u89e3Python\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u5165\u624b\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542bPython\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u901a\u8fc7import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6253\u5305\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5f15\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u907f\u514d\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u521b\u5efa<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u5757\u5728Python\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542bPython\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u5373\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a.py<\/code>\u540e\u7f00\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u7684Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a.py<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

# mymodule.py<\/p>\n
def greet(name):<\/p>\n
    return f"Hello, {name}!"<\/p>\n
pi = 3.14159<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cmymodule.py<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570greet<\/code>\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cfpi<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u5176\u4ed6Python\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5165\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u5bfc\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mymodule<\/p>\n
print(mymodule.greet("World"))<\/p>\n
from mymodule import greet<\/p>\n
print(greet("Python"))<\/p>\n
from mymodule import pi<\/p>\n
print(pi)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5143\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u5bfc\u5165\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u8fdb\u884c\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u5305\u62ec\u5176\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7__name__<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd8\u662f\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__mAI<\/a>n__":<\/p>\n
    # \u4ec5\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u6267\u884c<\/p>\n
    print("This module is running as the main program.")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u811a\u672c\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u88ab\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u7801\uff0cPython\u652f\u6301\u5c06\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5305\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b__init__.py<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5305\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u5305\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u6a21\u5757\u6309\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3amypackage<\/code>\u7684\u5305\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
mypackage\/<\/p>\n
    __init__.py<\/p>\n
    module1.py<\/p>\n
    module2.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u53f7.<\/code>\u6765\u5bfc\u5165\u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import mypackage.module1<\/p>\n
from mypackage import module2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u9644\u5e26\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmath<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5e38\u91cf\uff0c\u800cos<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u5f00\u53d1\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u5e38\u89c1\u4efb\u52a1\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0cPython\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u5305\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177pip<\/code>\u5b89\u88c5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0crequests<\/code>\u5e93\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55Python\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u4ee3\u7801\u91cd\u7528\u3001\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5230\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u5e72\u6270\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7f16\u5199\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u8d28\u91cf\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \u6e05\u6670\u7684\u547d\u540d<\/strong>\uff1a\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u4e86\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n
  2. \u6587\u6863\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u7f16\u5199\u6587\u6863\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u672a\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\u7406\u89e3\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7528\u9014\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n
  3. \u907f\u514d\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u610f\u5916\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n
  4. \u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e03\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f53\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u5757\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u6309\u9700\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u53ea\u5bfc\u5165\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u5185\u5b58\u5360\u7528\u548c\u52a0\u8f7d\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/li>\n
    2. \u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong>\uff1a\u5faa\u73af\u5bfc\u5165\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u590d\u6742\u5316\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u53d1\u5bfc\u5165\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u6784\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5bfc\u5165\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n
    3. \u7f13\u5b58\u548c\u60f0\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u516b\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u8c03\u8bd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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