{"id":971012,"date":"2024-12-27T05:31:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:31:06","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T05:31:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:31:08","slug":"python%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bc%a0%e5%8f%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/971012.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u6587\u4ef6 \u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u53c2"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7b49\u3002\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u4fbf\u4e8e\u811a\u672c\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u79fb\u690d\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u548c\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u4f20\u53c2\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u4f20\u53c2\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u811a\u672c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u4f7f\u7528sys\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Python\u7684sys\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2asys.argv\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u811a\u672c\u540d\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u811a\u672c\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    import sys<\/p>\n
    def mAI<\/a>n():<\/p>\n
        # \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u811a\u672c\u540d\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u662f\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
        script_name = sys.argv[0]<\/p>\n
        arguments = sys.argv[1:]  # \u83b7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u53c2\u6570<\/p>\n
        print(f"Script name: {script_name}")<\/p>\n
        print(f"Arguments: {arguments}")<\/p>\n
    if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
        main()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fd0\u884c\u793a\u4f8b\uff1apython script.py arg1 arg2 arg3<\/code><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u4f7f\u7528argparse\u6a21\u5757<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      argparse\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u89e3\u6790\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u53ef\u9009\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import argparse<\/p>\n
      def main():<\/p>\n
          parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u793a\u4f8b')<\/p>\n
          parser.add_argument('--name', type=str, help='\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u540d\u5b57')<\/p>\n
          parser.add_argument('--age', type=int, help='\u8f93\u5165\u4f60\u7684\u5e74\u9f84')<\/p>\n
          args = parser.parse_args()<\/p>\n
          print(f"Name: {args.name}")<\/p>\n
          print(f"Age: {args.age}")<\/p>\n
      if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
          main()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8fd0\u884c\u793a\u4f8b\uff1apython script.py --name John --age 30<\/code><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u522b\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u5728\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\u4e4b\u524d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        export MY_VARIABLE="Hello World"<\/p>\n
        python script.py<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528os\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u8bfb\u53d6\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import os<\/p>\n
          def main():<\/p>\n
              my_variable = os.getenv('MY_VARIABLE', '\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c')<\/p>\n
              print(f"\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\uff1a{my_variable}")<\/p>\n
          if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
              main()<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e09\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4f20\u9012\u5927\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u590d\u6742\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u683c\u5f0f\u6709INI\u3001YAML\u548cJSON\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \u4f7f\u7528JSON\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            {<\/p>\n
                "name": "Alice",<\/p>\n
                "age": 28<\/p>\n
            }<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
            \u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import json<\/p>\n
            def read_config(file_path):<\/p>\n
                with open(file_path, 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
                    config = json.load(file)<\/p>\n
                return config<\/p>\n
            def main():<\/p>\n
                config = read_config('config.json')<\/p>\n
                print(f"Name: {config['name']}")<\/p>\n
                print(f"Age: {config['age']}")<\/p>\n
            if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                main()<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u4f7f\u7528YAML\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              name: Bob<\/p>\n
              age: 32<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u8bfb\u53d6YAML\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              import yaml<\/p>\n
              def read_config(file_path):<\/p>\n
                  with open(file_path, 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
                      config = yaml.SAFe<\/a>_load(file)<\/p>\n
                  return config<\/p>\n
              def main():<\/p>\n
                  config = read_config('config.yaml')<\/p>\n
                  print(f"Name: {config['name']}")<\/p>\n
                  print(f"Age: {config['age']}")<\/p>\n
              if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                  main()<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u56db\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4f20\u53c2<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                def greet(name, age):<\/p>\n
                    print(f"Hello, {name}. You are {age} years old.")<\/p>\n
                def main():<\/p>\n
                    greet("Charlie", 25)<\/p>\n
                if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                    main()<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  def greet(name, age):<\/p>\n
                      print(f"Hello, {name}. You are {age} years old.")<\/p>\n
                  def main():<\/p>\n
                      greet(age=30, name="David")<\/p>\n
                  if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                      main()<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                    \u53ef\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u4f20\u9012\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    def greet(*names):<\/p>\n
                        for name in names:<\/p>\n
                            print(f"Hello, {name}")<\/p>\n
                    def main():<\/p>\n
                        greet("Eve", "Frank", "Grace")<\/p>\n
                    if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                        main()<\/p>\n
                    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    1. \u53ef\u53d8\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                      \u53ef\u53d8\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u5141\u8bb8\u4f20\u9012\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      def greet(kwargs):<\/p>\n
                          for key, value in kwargs.items():<\/p>\n
                              print(f"{key}: {value}")<\/p>\n
                      def main():<\/p>\n
                          greet(name="Henry", age=40, city="New York")<\/p>\n
                      if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
                          main()<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\u9002\u5408\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>\u9002\u5408\u590d\u6742\u53c2\u6570\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u4f20\u53c2<\/strong>\u5219\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u53ef\u91cd\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4f20\u53c2\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                       \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
                      \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sys<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u8fd0\u884cPython\u811a\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5728sys.argv<\/code>\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u3002sys.argv[0]<\/code>\u662f\u811a\u672c\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5219\u662f\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
                      import sys\n\nif __name__ == "__main__":\n    print("\u811a\u672c\u540d\u79f0:", sys.argv[0])\n    print("\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u53c2\u6570:", sys.argv[1:])\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4ece\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u4f20\u9012\u591a\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
                      \u5728Python\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
                      \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u53c2\u6570\u53ca\u9ed8\u8ba4\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u540d\u6765\u63a5\u6536\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
                      def greet(name, age=18):\n    print(f"\u4f60\u597d\uff0c{name}\uff01\u4f60{age}\u5c81\u3002")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u5728\u8c03\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ea\u4f20\u9012name<\/code>\uff0cage<\/code>\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u4f20\u9012\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n
                      \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff1f<\/strong>
                      \u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u96c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u53c2\u6570\u8f83\u591a\u65f6\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u683c\u5f0f\u5305\u62ecINI\u3001JSON\u548cYAML\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528configparser<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8bfb\u53d6INI\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u89e3\u6790JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528JSON\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
                      import json\n\nwith open('config.json') as config_file:\n    config = json.load(config_file)\n    print(config['name'], config['age'])\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
                      \u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u5f97\u53c2\u6570\u7ba1\u7406\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u7b49\u3002\u5229\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u73af […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":971017,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971012"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=971012"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971012\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":971020,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/971012\/revisions\/971020"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/971017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=971012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=971012"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=971012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}