{"id":971544,"date":"2024-12-27T05:35:56","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/971544.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T05:35:57","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T21:35:57","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%87%aa%e5%8a%a8%e7%94%9f%e6%88%90json","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/971544.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210json"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210json\"<\/p>\n

Python\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210JSON\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u5229\u7528dict<\/code>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f7b\u677e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001PYTHON\u5185\u7f6e\u7684json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6ejson<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\uff0cdumps()<\/code>\u548cdump()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528json.dumps()<\/code>\u751f\u6210JSON\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

json.dumps()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u5982\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u5217\u8868\u7b49\uff09\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u4f20\u5165\u5f85\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import json<\/p>\n
data = {<\/p>\n
    'name': 'John Doe',<\/p>\n
    'age': 30,<\/p>\n
    'city': 'New York'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
json_string = json.dumps(data)<\/p>\n
print(json_string)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u5b57\u5178\u5bf9\u8c61data<\/code>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7json.dumps()<\/code>\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528json.dump()<\/code>\u751f\u6210JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
json.dump()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2aJSON\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4dumps()<\/code>\u66f4\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u548c\u4fdd\u5b58JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
data = {<\/p>\n
    'name': 'John Doe',<\/p>\n
    'age': 30,<\/p>\n
    'city': 'New York'<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
with open('data.json', 'w') as json_file:<\/p>\n
    json.dump(data, json_file, indent=4)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6b64\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cjson.dump()<\/code>\u5c06data<\/code>\u5b57\u5178\u76f4\u63a5\u5199\u5165\u5230data.json<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7indent<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u751f\u6210\u7684JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u8bfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5229\u7528dict<\/code>\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u751f\u6210JSON<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0eJSON\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7ed3\u6784\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u521b\u5efaJSON\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5148\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u8868\u793a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684JSON\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u7b80\u5355\u7684JSON\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684JSON\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5957\u7684JSON\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
person = {<\/p>\n
    'name': 'Alice',<\/p>\n
    'age': 25,<\/p>\n
    'address': {<\/p>\n
        'street': '123 MAI<\/a>n St',<\/p>\n
        'city': 'Wonderland'<\/p>\n
    },<\/p>\n
    'skills': ['Python', 'Data Analysis']<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
print(person)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.2\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684JSON\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684JSON\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5d4c\u5957\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
company = {<\/p>\n
    'name': 'TechCorp',<\/p>\n
    'employees': [<\/p>\n
        {'name': 'Alice', 'position': 'Developer'},<\/p>\n
        {'name': 'Bob', 'position': 'Manager'}<\/p>\n
    ],<\/p>\n
    'location': 'Silicon Valley',<\/p>\n
    'products': {<\/p>\n
        'software': ['App1', 'App2'],<\/p>\n
        'hardware': ['Device1', 'Device2']<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
print(company)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5d4c\u5957\u5b57\u5178\u548c\u5217\u8868\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u5458\u5de5\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u590d\u6742JSON\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u64cd\u4f5c\u751f\u6210\u548c\u7ba1\u7406JSON<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u7ed3\u5408Python\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1\u3001\u5c06JSON\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5229\u7528json.dump()<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06JSON\u6570\u636e\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u524d\u9762\u521b\u5efa\u7684company<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
company = {<\/p>\n
    'name': 'TechCorp',<\/p>\n
    'employees': [<\/p>\n
        {'name': 'Alice', 'position': 'Developer'},<\/p>\n
        {'name': 'Bob', 'position': 'Manager'}<\/p>\n
    ],<\/p>\n
    'location': 'Silicon Valley',<\/p>\n
    'products': {<\/p>\n
        'software': ['App1', 'App2'],<\/p>\n
        'hardware': ['Device1', 'Device2']<\/p>\n
    }<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
with open('company.json', 'w') as file:<\/p>\n
    json.dump(company, file, indent=4)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.2\u3001\u4ece\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8981\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528json.load()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4ececompany.json<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
with open('company.json', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    company_data = json.load(file)<\/p>\n
print(company_data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cjson.load()<\/code>\u5c06\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u8bfb\u53d6\u5e76\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPython\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5927\u89c4\u6a21JSON\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u6216\u590d\u6742\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578bJSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u578bJSON\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u9010\u884c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
def read_large_json(file_path):<\/p>\n
    with open(file_path, 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
        for line in file:<\/p>\n
            yield json.loads(line)<\/p>\n
for entry in read_large_json('large_data.json'):<\/p>\n
    print(entry)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u964d\u4f4e\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.2\u3001\u4f18\u5316JSON\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5904\u7406JSON\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7981\u7528indent<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5febjson.dump()<\/code>\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
data = {...}  # \u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
with open('optimized.json', 'w') as file:<\/p>\n
    json.dump(data, file, separators=(',', ':'))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528separators<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u7a7a\u683c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u6587\u4ef6\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5904\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u8fdb\u9636\u6280\u5de7\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fdb\u9636\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.1\u3001\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
class Employee:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, position):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.position = position<\/p>\n
def employee_to_dict(obj):<\/p>\n
    if isinstance(obj, Employee):<\/p>\n
        return {'name': obj.name, 'position': obj.position}<\/p>\n
    raise TypeError('Object of type Employee is not JSON serializable')<\/p>\n
employee = Employee('Alice', 'Developer')<\/p>\n
json_string = json.dumps(employee, default=employee_to_dict)<\/p>\n
print(json_string)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49employee_to_dict<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982JSONEncoder<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627fJSONEncoder<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
class CustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):<\/p>\n
    def default(self, obj):<\/p>\n
        if isinstance(obj, Employee):<\/p>\n
            return {'name': obj.name, 'position': obj.position}<\/p>\n
        return super().default(obj)<\/p>\n
employee = Employee('Bob', 'Manager')<\/p>\n
json_string = json.dumps(employee, cls=CustomEncoder)<\/p>\n
print(json_string)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u7ee7\u627fJSONEncoder<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u7075\u6d3b\u5904\u7406\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8bb2\u89e3\uff0c\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210JSON\u6709\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0cPython\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u80fd\u5bf9\u4f60\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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