{"id":974123,"date":"2024-12-27T06:02:36","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/974123.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:02:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:02:38","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%88%ac%e5%8f%96selenium","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/974123.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6selenium"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u722c\u53d6selenium\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u53d6Selenium\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7Selenium\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u7ed3\u5408BeautifulSoup\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u786e\u4fdd\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Selenium\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Selenium\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u70b9\u51fb\u3001\u6eda\u52a8\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u548cJavaScript\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u9875\u9762\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u722c\u53d6\u5230\u9759\u6001\u89e3\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7Selenium\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6293\u53d6\u9759\u6001\u9875\u9762\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982ChromeDriver\u3001GeckoDriver\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002Selenium\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u6a21\u62df\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\u5de5\u5177\u4e2d\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6eSelenium\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u5b89\u88c5Selenium\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    pip install selenium<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u4e0b\u8f7d\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6839\u636e\u4f60\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4e0b\u8f7d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8eChrome\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e0b\u8f7dChromeDriver\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u7248\u672c\u4e0e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7248\u672c\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u5c06\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6dfb\u52a0\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684PATH\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u9a71\u52a8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u7f16\u5199Selenium\u722c\u866b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Selenium\u722c\u866b\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u722c\u53d6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
      driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # \u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u8bbf\u95ee\u7f51\u9875<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u9875\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      driver.get('https:\/\/example.com')<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u5b9a\u4f4d\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7ID\u3001\u7c7b\u540d\u3001\u6807\u7b7e\u540d\u7b49\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      element = driver.find_element_by_id('exampleId')<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    4. \n
      \u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u83b7\u53d6\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      text = element.text<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    5. \n
      \u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85\u52a0\u8f7d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u663e\u5f0f\u7b49\u5f85\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By<\/p>\n
      from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWAI<\/a>t<\/p>\n
      from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC<\/p>\n
      element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(<\/p>\n
          EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'exampleId'))<\/p>\n
      )<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u5408BeautifulSoup\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u867d\u7136Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408BeautifulSoup\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u83b7\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u901a\u8fc7Selenium\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524d\u9875\u9762\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        page_source = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5c06\u9875\u9762\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9BeautifulSoup\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
        soup = BeautifulSoup(page_source, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        \u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982find_all()<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        data = soup.find_all('div', class_='exampleClass')<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406JavaScript\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u6709\u4e9b\u9875\u9762\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884cJavaScript\u6216\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u3001\u586b\u5199\u8868\u5355\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u6267\u884cJavaScript<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528execute_script()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884cJavaScript\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          button = driver.find_element_by_xpath('\/\/button[@id="submit"]')<\/p>\n
          button.click()<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u6a21\u62df\u8f93\u5165\u6587\u672c\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u6846\u4e2d\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          input_box = driver.find_element_by_name('username')<\/p>\n
          input_box.send_keys('my_username')<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u516d\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u9875\u9762\u5b8c\u5168\u52a0\u8f7d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u663e\u5f0f\u7b49\u5f85<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            element = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(<\/p>\n
                EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'exampleId'))<\/p>\n
            )<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u9690\u5f0f\u7b49\u5f85<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            driver.implicitly_wait(10)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u4e03\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u4f1a\u8bdd\u548cCookies<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u6709\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u9700\u8981\u767b\u5f55\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95ee\u6570\u636e\uff0cSelenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u8bdd\u548cCookies\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \n
              \u767b\u5f55\u7f51\u7ad9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u6a21\u62df\u767b\u5f55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              driver.get('https:\/\/example.com\/login')<\/p>\n
              username_box = driver.find_element_by_name('username')<\/p>\n
              password_box = driver.find_element_by_name('password')<\/p>\n
              username_box.send_keys('my_username')<\/p>\n
              password_box.send_keys('my_password')<\/p>\n
              login_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath('\/\/button[@type="submit"]')<\/p>\n
              login_button.click()<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            2. \n
              \u7ba1\u7406Cookies<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u8bbe\u7f6eCookies\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              cookies = driver.get_cookies()<\/p>\n
              driver.add_cookie({'name': 'my_cookie', 'value': 'cookie_value'})<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u516b\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \n
                \u5408\u6cd5\u5408\u89c4<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u9075\u5b88\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              2. \n
                \u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u722c\u866b\uff0c\u5c3d\u91cf\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u968f\u673a\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              3. \n
                \u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u722c\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u540e\uff0c\u53ca\u65f6\u5173\u95ed\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u4ee5\u91ca\u653e\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                driver.quit()<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              4. \n
                \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u6dfb\u52a0\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                try:<\/p>\n
                    element = driver.find_element_by_id('exampleId')<\/p>\n
                except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
                    print(f"An error occurred: {e}")<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u901a\u8fc7Selenium\u7ed3\u5408Python\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u722c\u53d6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5728\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u65b9\u9762\u4e8b\u534a\u529f\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
                 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u548cSelenium\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u9875\u722c\u866b\uff1f<\/strong>
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