{"id":974265,"date":"2024-12-27T06:03:44","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:03:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/974265.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:03:47","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:03:47","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%bb%e5%9b%be%e5%bd%a2%e5%b1%85%e4%b8%ad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/974265.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u753b\u56fe\u5f62\u5c45\u4e2d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u753b\u56fe\u5f62\u5c45\u4e2d\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u7ed8\u5236\u5c45\u4e2d\u56fe\u5f62\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ed8\u56fe\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5750\u6807\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528plt.xlim()\u548cplt.ylim()\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u4f7f\u7528bbox\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7Matplotlib\u5e93\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5c45\u4e2d\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001MATPLOTLIB\u5e93\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Matplotlib\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u4e8c\u7ef4\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5404\u79cd\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u5982\u7ebf\u56fe\u3001\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\u3001\u67f1\u72b6\u56fe\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u56fe\u5f62\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3Matplotlib\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u548c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u5728Matplotlib\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u753b\u5e03\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aFigure\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2aFigure\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2aAxes\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
    fig, ax = plt.subplots()<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u7ed8\u56fe\u547d\u4ee4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      Matplotlib\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u7ed8\u56fe\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982plot()<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed8\u5236\u7ebf\u56fe\uff0cscatter()<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed8\u5236\u6563\u70b9\u56fe\uff0cbar()<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed8\u5236\u67f1\u72b6\u56fe\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u70b9\u6216\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u7ed8\u5236\u5728\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      ax.plot([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])  # \u7ed8\u5236\u7ebf\u56fe<\/p>\n
      ax.scatter([1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])  # \u7ed8\u5236\u6563\u70b9\u56fe<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u8303\u56f4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u56fe\u5f62\u5c45\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7set_xlim()<\/code>\u548cset_ylim()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. x\u8f74\u548cy\u8f74\u8303\u56f4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u8303\u56f4\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u548c\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u503c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        ax.set_xlim(min_x - margin, max_x + margin)<\/p>\n
        ax.set_ylim(min_y - margin, max_y + margin)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \u786e\u4fdd\u56fe\u5f62\u5c45\u4e2d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u5728\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u8303\u56f4\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e0e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u9f50\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70b9\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          center_x = (min_x + max_x) \/ 2<\/p>\n
          center_y = (min_y + max_y) \/ 2<\/p>\n
          range_x = max_x - min_x<\/p>\n
          range_y = max_y - min_y<\/p>\n
          ax.set_xlim(center_x - range_x \/ 2, center_x + range_x \/ 2)<\/p>\n
          ax.set_ylim(center_y - range_y \/ 2, center_y + range_y \/ 2)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528bbox\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u9664\u4e86\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c45\u4e2d\u3002Matplotlib\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u90fd\u652f\u6301bbox<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6846\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. bbox\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4f7f\u7528<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            bbox<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ebbox<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            rect = plt.Rectangle((0.5, 0.5), 0.1, 0.1, transform=ax.transAxes, bbox=dict(facecolor='red', alpha=0.5))<\/p>\n
            ax.add_patch(rect)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574bbox<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4e2d\u7684\u5750\u6807\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0ctransform=ax.transAxes<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5b9a\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5750\u6807\u503c\u4ee5\u5750\u6807\u7cfb\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              rect.set_bbox(dict(facecolor='blue', alpha=0.5, boxstyle='round', pad=0.1, edgecolor='black'))<\/p>\n
              rect.set_xy((0.45, 0.45))  # \u8bbe\u7f6e\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b0\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u56db\u3001\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6f14\u793a\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u7ed8\u5236\u5c45\u4e2d\u56fe\u5f62\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              import matplotlib.pyplot as plt<\/p>\n
              \u521b\u5efa\u56fe\u5f62\u7a97\u53e3\u548c\u5750\u6807\u7cfb<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              fig, ax = plt.subplots()<\/p>\n
              \u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
              y = [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]<\/p>\n
              \u7ed8\u5236\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              ax.plot(x, y, label='Line plot')<\/p>\n
              \u8ba1\u7b97\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70b9<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              center_x = (min(x) + max(x)) \/ 2<\/p>\n
              center_y = (min(y) + max(y)) \/ 2<\/p>\n
              range_x = max(x) - min(x)<\/p>\n
              range_y = max(y) - min(y)<\/p>\n
              \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u8303\u56f4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              ax.set_xlim(center_x - range_x \/ 2, center_x + range_x \/ 2)<\/p>\n
              ax.set_ylim(center_y - range_y \/ 2, center_y + range_y \/ 2)<\/p>\n
              \u6dfb\u52a0\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              rect = plt.Rectangle((center_x - 0.5, center_y - 0.5), 1, 1, transform=ax.transData, facecolor='green', alpha=0.3)<\/p>\n
              ax.add_patch(rect)<\/p>\n
              \u663e\u793a\u56fe\u5f62<\/strong><\/h2>\n
              plt.legend()<\/p>\n
              plt.show()<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
              \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c45\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u6761\u7ebf\u56fe\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u5f62\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u56fe\u5f62\u5728\u7ed8\u56fe\u7a97\u53e3\u4e2d\u5c45\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u5728Python\u4e2d\u7ed8\u5236\u5c45\u4e2d\u56fe\u5f62\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528Matplotlib\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5f62\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5c45\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u66f4\u7f8e\u89c2\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5c45\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
               \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u5f62\u5c45\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong>
              \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Matplotlib\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u663e\u793a\u56fe\u5f62\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u56fe\u5f62\u5c45\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u9650\u5236\u548c\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u663e\u793a\u533a\u57df\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u56fe\u5f62\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528xlim<\/code>\u548cylim<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70b9\u4e0e\u5750\u6807\u8f74\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u91cd\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u7ed8\u5236\u5c45\u4e2d\u56fe\u5f62\uff1f<\/strong>
              \u9664\u4e86Matplotlib\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed8\u5236\u56fe\u5f62\u5e76\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c45\u4e2d\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5982Seaborn\u548cPlotly\u3002Seaborn\u5efa\u7acb\u5728Matplotlib\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u89c2\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u800cPlotly\u5219\u652f\u6301\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u56fe\u5f62\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u8bbe\u7f6e\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c45\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8c03\u6574\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c45\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong>
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