{"id":975427,"date":"2024-12-27T06:13:15","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/975427.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:13:18","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:13:18","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e7%88%ac%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/975427.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u722c\u7f51\u7ad9"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u722c\u7f51\u7ad9\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u6b65\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u5305\u62ecRequests\u3001BeautifulSoup\u3001Scrapy\u548cSelenium\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cRequests\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001BeautifulSoup\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u6587\u6863\u3001Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\u3001Selenium\u5219\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u722c\u53d6\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7f51\u7ad9\u722c\u53d6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684Python\u5e93\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u53ca\u5176\u7528\u9014\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Requests\u5e93<\/strong>
    Requests\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406GET\u3001POST\u7b49\u5e38\u89c1\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    BeautifulSoup\u5e93<\/strong>
    BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u4ece\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u652f\u6301CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u548cXPath\u67e5\u627e\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Scrapy\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>
    Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u8c03\u5ea6\u3001\u6570\u636e\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    Selenium\u5e93<\/strong>
    Selenium\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u9700\u8981JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7528\u6237\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u70b9\u51fb\u3001\u8f93\u5165\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u4e86\u89e3\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      HTML\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>
      \u7406\u89e3\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Chrome DevTools\uff09\u67e5\u770bHTML\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u3001\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      \u6570\u636e\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/strong>
      \u786e\u5b9a\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\u5728HTML\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6e90\u4ee3\u7801\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u5de5\u5177\u5b9a\u4f4d\u6570\u636e\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      \u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>
      \u4e86\u89e3\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42URL\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u6293\u5305\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Fiddler\u3001Wireshark\uff09\u6216\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u9762\u677f\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        \u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>
        \u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u3001Cookies\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        import requests<\/p>\n
        url = "https:\/\/example.com"<\/p>\n
        headers = {<\/p>\n
            "User-Agent": "Mozilla\/5.0"<\/p>\n
        }<\/p>\n
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94<\/strong>
        \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636eHTML\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u672c\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u56fe\u7247\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
        title = soup.find('title').text<\/p>\n
        print("Page Title:", title)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        \u5904\u7406\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875<\/strong>
        \u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981JavaScript\u6e32\u67d3\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7f51\u9875\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Selenium\u5e93\u3002Selenium\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u9a71\u52a8\u52a0\u8f7d\u9875\u9762\u5e76\u6267\u884cJavaScript\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        from selenium import webdriver<\/p>\n
        driver = webdriver.Chrome()<\/p>\n
        driver.get("https:\/\/example.com")<\/p>\n
        content = driver.page_source<\/p>\n
        driver.quit()<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8<\/strong>
          \u722c\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982CSV\u3001JSON\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import csv<\/p>\n
          with open('data.csv', 'w', newline='') as file:<\/p>\n
              writer = csv.writer(file)<\/p>\n
              writer.writerow(["Title", "Link"])<\/p>\n
              writer.writerow([title, "https:\/\/example.com"])<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790<\/strong>
          \u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e93\uff08\u5982Pandas\u3001NumPy\uff09\u5bf9\u722c\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
          data = pd.read_csv('data.csv')<\/p>\n
          print(data.head())<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u90fd\u6709\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u63aa\u65bd\u5305\u62ecIP\u5c01\u7981\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u5185\u5bb9\u52a0\u8f7d\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e94\u5bf9\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>
            \u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u89e6\u53d1\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import time<\/p>\n
            for url in url_list:<\/p>\n
                response = requests.get(url)<\/p>\n
                time.sleep(2)  # \u7b49\u5f852\u79d2<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406<\/strong>
            \u4f7f\u7528\u4ee3\u7406IP\u53ef\u4ee5\u9690\u85cf\u771f\u5b9e\u7684IP\u5730\u5740\uff0c\u7ed5\u8fc7IP\u5c01\u7981\u9650\u5236\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u514d\u8d39\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u4ee3\u7406\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            proxies = {<\/p>\n
                "http": "http:\/\/10.10.1.10:3128",<\/p>\n
                "https": "http:\/\/10.10.1.10:1080",<\/p>\n
            }<\/p>\n
            response = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            \u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>
            \u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u7684User-Agent\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Faker\u5e93\u751f\u6210\u968f\u673a\u7684User-Agent\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            from fake_useragent import UserAgent<\/p>\n
            ua = UserAgent()<\/p>\n
            headers = {<\/p>\n
                "User-Agent": ua.random<\/p>\n
            }<\/p>\n
            response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          4. \n
            \u5904\u7406\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801<\/strong>
            \u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u722c\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528OCR\u6280\u672f\u8bc6\u522b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7801\u8bc6\u522b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u516d\u3001\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \u5728\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u3001\u5185\u5bb9\u4e71\u7801\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \n
              \u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd<\/strong>
              \u5982\u679c\u8bf7\u6c42\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u6362IP\u3001\u8c03\u6574\u8bf7\u6c42\u9891\u7387\u3001\u68c0\u67e5\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u53c2\u6570\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            2. \n
              \u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574<\/strong>
              \u5982\u679c\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            3. \n
              \u5185\u5bb9\u4e71\u7801<\/strong>
              \u5982\u679c\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\u51fa\u73b0\u4e71\u7801\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u7f16\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response.encoding\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7f16\u7801\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              response.encoding = 'utf-8'<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u722c\u53d6\u7f51\u7ad9\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5229\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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