{"id":975559,"date":"2024-12-27T06:14:15","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:14:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/975559.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:14:19","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:14:19","slug":"%e5%89%8d%e7%ab%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%8e%b7%e5%8f%96%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%aepython","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/975559.html","title":{"rendered":"\u524d\u7aef\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636epython"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u524d\u7aef\u5982\u4f55\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636epython\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u524d\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636ePython\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u901a\u8fc7API\u8c03\u7528\u3001WebSocket\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528AJAX\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7API\u8c03\u7528\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002API\uff08Application Programming Interface\uff09\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u524d\u7aef\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7f16\u5199\u7684\u540e\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Flask\u6216Django\u7b49\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u4f9bRESTful API\uff0c\u4e3a\u524d\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u89e3\u6790JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9875\u9762\u4e0a\u5448\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7API\u8c03\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u524d\u540e\u7aef\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u52a0\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0cAPI\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u7528\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Web\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u5e94\u7528\u7b49\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u901a\u8fc7Python\u540e\u7aefAPI\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u901a\u8fc7API\u8c03\u7528\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u7406\u89e3RESTful API<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

RESTful API\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8eHTTP\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528URL\u6765\u6807\u8bc6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\uff09\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u8d77HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u540e\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

AJAX\uff08Asynchronous JavaScript and XML\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u4e0d\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u66f4\u65b0\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5728\u524d\u7aef\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u7684XMLHttpRequest<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u6216\u66f4\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684fetch<\/code> API\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\/\/ \u4f7f\u7528fetch API\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
fetch('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
  .then(response => response.json())<\/p>\n
  .then(data => console.log(data))<\/p>\n
  .catch(error => console.error('Error:', error));<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6784\u5efaAPI<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u540e\u7aef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684Flask\u6216Django\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u6784\u5efaAPI\u3002\u4ee5Flask\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask, jsonify<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/data', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
def get_data():<\/p>\n
    data = {'key': 'value'}<\/p>\n
    return jsonify(data)<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
    app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u540e\u7aef\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001GET\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528WebSocket\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u7406\u89e3WebSocket<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
WebSocket\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u4fe1\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u901a\u9053\u3002\u4e0eHTTP\u8bf7\u6c42-\u54cd\u5e94\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cWebSocket\u5141\u8bb8\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e3b\u52a8\u5411\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u63a8\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u7ebf\u804a\u5929\u3001\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u77e5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528WebSocket<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u524d\u7aef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u7684WebSocket<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
const socket = new WebSocket('ws:\/\/example.com\/socket');<\/p>\n
socket.onopen = function(event) {<\/p>\n
  console.log('WebSocket is open now.');<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
socket.onmessage = function(event) {<\/p>\n
  console.log('Message from server ', event.data);<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
socket.onclose = function(event) {<\/p>\n
  console.log('WebSocket is closed now.');<\/p>\n
};<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5b9e\u73b0WebSocket\u670d\u52a1\u5668<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528websockets<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0WebSocket\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
import websockets<\/p>\n
async def handler(websocket, path):<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        await websocket.send("Hello, client!")<\/p>\n
        await asyncio.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
start_server = websockets.serve(handler, 'localhost', 8765)<\/p>\n
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(start_server)<\/p>\n
asyncio.get_event_loop().run_forever()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u524d\u7aef\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u9700\u8981\u76f4\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\u7aef\u670d\u52a1\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6eCORS\uff08Cross-Origin Resource Sharing\uff09\u5934\u6765\u5141\u8bb8\u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001Python\u5904\u7406\u8de8\u57df<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u7684Flask\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528flask-cors<\/code>\u5e93\u6765\u5904\u7406\u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from flask import Flask<\/p>\n
from flask_cors import CORS<\/p>\n
app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
CORS(app)<\/p>\n
@app.route('\/data', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
def get_data():<\/p>\n
    return {'key': 'value'}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u524d\u7aef\u8bf7\u6c42\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528AJAX\u6216fetch<\/code> API\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u83b7\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528WebSocket\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528API\u8c03\u7528\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u548c\u540e\u7aef\u90fd\u8981\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u524d\u7aef\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528try-catch<\/code>\u5757\u6216Promise<\/code>\u7684catch<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8003\u8651<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528HTTPS\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u5bc6\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u7a83\u53d6\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u7aef\u5bf9\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6027\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\u51cf\u5c11\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5728\u524d\u7aef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8282\u6d41\u548c\u9632\u6296\u6280\u672f\u51cf\u5c11\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u4f60\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u83b7\u53d6Python\u540e\u7aef\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u524d\u7aef\u4e0e\u540e\u7aef\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528AJAX\u8bf7\u6c42\u6216Fetch API\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u540e\u7aef\u7684Python\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u63a5\u6536\u5e76\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u5f97\u524d\u7aef\u5e94\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u52a8\u6001\u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6574\u4e2a\u9875\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8de8\u57df\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
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