{"id":975984,"date":"2024-12-27T06:17:50","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:17:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/975984.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:17:52","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:17:52","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c%e6%8c%87%e5%ae%9a%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/975984.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528os.system()<\/code>\u3001subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3001exec()<\/code>\u548ceval()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0csubprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6700\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528OS.SYSTEM()\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

os.system()<\/code>\u662f\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u547d\u4ee4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5b50shell\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

os.system(command)<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u5408\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import os<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
os.system('ls')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u867d\u7136os.system()<\/code>\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u903b\u8f91\u7b49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SUBPROCESS\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
subprocess.run()<\/code>\u662f\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import subprocess<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], capture_output=True, text=True)<\/p>\n
print(result.stdout)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u66f4\u591a\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982Popen<\/code>\u3001call<\/code>\u7b49\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528Popen\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4<\/p>\n
process = subprocess.Popen(['ls', '-l'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)<\/p>\n
stdout, stderr = process.communicate()<\/p>\n
print(stdout.decode())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f18\u70b9<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8eos.system()<\/code>\uff0csubprocess<\/code>\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u907f\u514dshell\u6ce8\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n
  • \u529f\u80fd\u4e30\u5bcc<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528EXEC()\u548cEVAL()\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    exec()<\/code>\u548ceval()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884cPython\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8fd0\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7684Python\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    1\u3001exec()\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    exec()<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u52a8\u6001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u591a\u884cPython\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    code = """<\/p>\n
    for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
        print(i)<\/p>\n
    """<\/p>\n
    exec(code)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    2\u3001eval()\u7684\u7528\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    eval()<\/code>\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u5355\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    expression = '2 + 2'<\/p>\n
    result = eval(expression)<\/p>\n
    print(result)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    3\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528exec()<\/code>\u548ceval()<\/code>\u65f6\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6267\u884c\u4e0d\u53d7\u4fe1\u4efb\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5b89\u5168\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u56db\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    1\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0cPython\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    2\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    3\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0cPython\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    1\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u786e\u4fdd\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514dshell\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6821\u9a8c\u548c\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    2\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u8981\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    3\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4\uff0cos.system()<\/code>\u53ef\u80fd\u8db3\u591f\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u590d\u6742\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\uff0csubprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u811a\u672c\u8fd8\u662f\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
     \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.run()<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd0\u884cls<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u5199\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    import subprocess\nsubprocess.run(["ls", "-l"])\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u6761\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u5f53\u524d\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u5939\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u4f7f\u7528Python\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\u65f6\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u8f93\u51fa\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.run()<\/code>\u7684capture_output<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6ecapture_output=True<\/code>\u540e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u5c06\u5305\u542b\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u6807\u51c6\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    result = subprocess.run(["ls", "-l"], capture_output=True, text=True)\nprint(result.stdout)  # \u6253\u5370\u547d\u4ee4\u8f93\u51fa\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
    \u4f7f\u7528subprocess.run()<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7check<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u6355\u83b7\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8bbe\u7f6echeck=True<\/code>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd4\u56de\u975e\u96f6\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u5c06\u5f15\u53d1CalledProcessError<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a  <\/p>\n
    try:\n    subprocess.run(["ls", "\/nonexistent"], check=True)\nexcept subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:\n    print(f"\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a{e}")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5904\u7406\u5e76\u53cd\u9988\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u6307\u5b9a\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528os.system()\u3001subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u3001exec()\u548c […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":975991,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/975984"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=975984"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/975984\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":975992,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/975984\/revisions\/975992"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/975991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=975984"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=975984"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=975984"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}