{"id":976502,"date":"2024-12-27T06:22:08","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:22:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/976502.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:22:10","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:22:10","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%90%88%e7%90%86%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8assert","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/976502.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528assert"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24202153\/5e67ddc3-5e85-43b0-8acd-4efab82dbbbf.webp\" alt=\"Python\u5982\u4f55\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528assert\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528assert\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/strong>assert\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u68c0\u67e5\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e3a\u5047\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4f1a\u629b\u51faAssertionError\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528assert\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<strong>\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u53ea\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u786e\u4fddassert\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u201c\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4ee3\u7801\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u5f00\u3002assert\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u65ad\u8a00\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165assert\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0assert\u8bed\u53e5\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u63a2\u8ba8\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528assert\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e00\u3001ASSERT\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u67d0\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u5f53\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5047\u65f6\uff0cassert\u4f1a\u629b\u51faAssertionError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002assert\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">assert condition, &quot;Error message&quot;<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd4\u56de\u5e03\u5c14\u503c\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e3a\u5047\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u5c06\u629b\u51faAssertionError\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u629b\u51faAssertionError\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8c03\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h4>1.1\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u5b9e\u4f8b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528assert\u8bed\u53e5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">def divide(x, y):<\/p>\n<p>    assert y != 0, &quot;Denominator cannot be zero&quot;<\/p>\n<p>    return x \/ y<\/p>\n<p>result = divide(10, 0)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u5206\u6bcd\u4e0d\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002\u5982\u679cy\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u629b\u51faAssertionError\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u201cDenominator cannot be zero\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>1.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528assert\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528assert\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5904\u7406\u65e0\u6548\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u610f\u5916\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">def calculate_area(radius):<\/p>\n<p>    assert radius &gt; 0, &quot;Radius must be positive&quot;<\/p>\n<p>    return 3.14 * radius * radius<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u534a\u5f84\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u8ba1\u7b97\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e8c\u3001ASSERT\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u5c40\u9650<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>2.1\u3001\u4f18\u52bf<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7b80\u6d01\u660e\u4e86<\/strong>\uff1aassert\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9519\u8bef<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u63d2\u5165\u65ad\u8a00\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u5b9a\u4f4d\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u8c03\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u81ea\u6587\u6863\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u65ad\u8a00\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u91ca\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u81ea\u6587\u6863\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h4>2.2\u3001\u5c40\u9650<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u4ec5\u5728\u8c03\u8bd5\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u6709\u6548<\/strong>\uff1aassert\u8bed\u53e5\u5728Python\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08-O\u6807\u5fd7\uff09\u4e0b\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5<\/strong>\uff1aassert\u8bed\u53e5\u4e0d\u5e94\u66ff\u4ee3\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982try-except\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6027\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u573a\u5408\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528assert\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>\u4e09\u3001\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528ASSERT\u7684\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>3.1\u3001\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528assert\u8bed\u53e5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u51fd\u6570\u524d\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5f00\u59cb\u5904\u63d2\u5165assert\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u540e\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u675f\u5904\u63d2\u5165assert\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u63d2\u5165assert\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h4>3.2\u3001\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>assert\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">def test_calculate_area():<\/p>\n<p>    assert calculate_area(2) == 12.56, &quot;Test f<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/blog\/59162.html\" target=\"_blank\">AI<\/a>led for radius=2&quot;<\/p>\n<p>    assert calculate_area(0) == 0, &quot;Test failed for radius=0&quot;<\/p>\n<p>test_calculate_area()<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1calculate_area\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u9884\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u56db\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528ASSERT<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7531\u4e8eassert\u8bed\u53e5\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528assert\u8bed\u53e5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982try-except\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>4.1\u3001\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6848<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528if\u8bed\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\u629b\u51fa\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528try-except\u8bed\u53e5\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528if\u8bed\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">def calculate_area(radius):<\/p>\n<p>    if radius &lt;= 0:<\/p>\n<p>        raise ValueError(&quot;Radius must be positive&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>    return 3.14 * radius * radius<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u534a\u5f84\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6b63\u6570\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u629b\u51faValueError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e94\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u7684ASSERT\u8bed\u53e5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8assert\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548assert\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>5.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u7f16\u5199assert\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># \u4e0d\u63a8\u8350<\/p>\n<p>assert (x &gt; 0 and x &lt; 10), &quot;x must be between 0 and 10&quot;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u63a8\u8350<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>assert 0 &lt; x &lt; 10, &quot;x must be between 0 and 10&quot;<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u5199\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u5177\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>5.2\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728assert\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">assert len(data) &gt; 0, &quot;Data list should not be empty&quot;<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u8c03\u8bd5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u516d\u3001ASSERT\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u573a\u5408\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>6.1\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u6b63\u6574\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">def factorial(n):<\/p>\n<p>    assert isinstance(n, int) and n &gt;= 0, &quot;n must be a non-negative integer&quot;<\/p>\n<p>    if n == 0 or n == 1:<\/p>\n<p>        return 1<\/p>\n<p>    else:<\/p>\n<p>        return n * factorial(n - 1)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u8f93\u5165\u53c2\u6570\u4e3a\u975e\u8d1f\u6574\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h4>6.2\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u503c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import pandas as pd<\/p>\n<p>def process_data(df):<\/p>\n<p>    assert not df[&#39;column_name&#39;].isnull().any(), &quot;Column &#39;column_name&#39; contains null values&quot;<\/p>\n<p>    # \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0cassert\u8bed\u53e5\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5e27\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u5217\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u7a7a\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528assert\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5728Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eassert\u8bed\u53e5\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5e94\u907f\u514d\u4f9d\u8d56assert\u8bed\u53e5\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u952e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u68c0\u67e5\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5e94\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982if\u8bed\u53e5\u548ctry-except\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u573a\u5408\u4f7f\u7528assert\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528assert\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u4f7f\u7528assert\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aassert\u8bed\u53e5\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cassert\u5e94\u5f53\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u67e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u90e8\u903b\u8f91\u6216\u4e0d\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u6570\u636e\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u662f\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u540e\u7f6e\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5904\u7406assert\u5931\u8d25\u540e\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5f53assert\u8bed\u53e5\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u629b\u51faAssertionError\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728assert\u8bed\u53e5\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528<code>assert condition, &quot;Custom error message&quot;<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u65f6\u8f93\u51fa\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>assert\u4e0eif\u8bed\u53e5\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>assert\u548cif\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002assert\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u90e8\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800cif\u8bed\u53e5\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u82e5\u9700\u8981\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6761\u4ef6\u68c0\u67e5\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528if\u8bed\u53e5\u66f4\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7assert\u6765\u6355\u6349\u4e0d\u5e94\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u5347\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528assert\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u8bd5\u3001\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002as [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":976509,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/976502"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=976502"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/976502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":976513,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/976502\/revisions\/976513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/976509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=976502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=976502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=976502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}