{"id":978612,"date":"2024-12-27T06:39:15","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:39:15","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:39:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:39:17","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8bpython%e5%a4%9a%e4%b8%aa-%e7%89%88%e6%9c%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/978612.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bPython\u591a\u4e2a \u7248\u672c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bPython\u591a\u4e2a<\/p>\n

\u8981\u67e5\u770bPython\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u3001\u5229\u7528\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u7b49\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u5229\u7528\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5982pyenv\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0cPython\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7248\u672c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1\u3001\u5728Windows\u4e0a\u67e5\u770bPython\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Windows\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff08CMD\uff09\u6765\u67e5\u770bPython\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

python --version<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -V<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0a\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u9ed8\u8ba4Python\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528py<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
py -2 --version<\/p>\n
py -3 --version<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u663e\u793aPython 2.x\u548cPython 3.x\u7684\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2\u3001\u5728macOS\u548cLinux\u4e0a\u67e5\u770bPython\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728macOS\u548cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec8\u7aef\u662f\u67e5\u770bPython\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u5e76\u8f93\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python --version<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -V<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\u53f7\u6765\u67e5\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python2 --version<\/p>\n
python3 --version<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u662fPython\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684Python\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86virtualenv<\/code>\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install virtualenv<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
virtualenv venv<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
venv<\/code>\u662f\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2\u3001\u6fc0\u6d3b\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u662f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
venv\\Scripts\\activate<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728macOS\u548cLinux\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
source venv\/bin\/activate<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6fc0\u6d3b\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u73af\u5883\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python --version<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5229\u7528\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5982pyenv<\/code>\u662f\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1\u3001\u5b89\u88c5pyenv<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728macOS\u548cLinux\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5pyenv\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
curl https:\/\/pyenv.run | bash<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Windows\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pyenv-win<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pyenv-win --target %USERPROFILE%\\.pyenv<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.2\u3001\u4f7f\u7528pyenv\u7ba1\u7406Python\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5pyenv\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyenv install --list<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyenv install 3.x.x<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u6216\u672c\u5730\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pyenv global 3.x.x<\/p>\n
pyenv local 3.x.x<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pyenv versions<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6240\u6709Python\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7248\u672c\u68c0\u67e5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u5207\u6362Python\u7248\u672c\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u811a\u672c\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1\u3001\u7f16\u5199Python\u811a\u672c\u67e5\u770b\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Python\u811a\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7sys<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5f53\u524dPython\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sys<\/p>\n
def check_python_version():<\/p>\n
    print(f"Python version: {sys.version}")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__mAI<\/a>n__":<\/p>\n
    check_python_version()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u811a\u672c\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u6d4b\u591a\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6216\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u8c03\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
import subprocess<\/p>\n
def check_multiple_versions(versions):<\/p>\n
    for version in versions:<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            output = subprocess.check_output([version, '--version'])<\/p>\n
            print(output.decode().strip())<\/p>\n
        except FileNotFoundError:<\/p>\n
            print(f"{version} not found.")<\/p>\n
if __name__ == "__main__":<\/p>\n
    versions = ["python2", "python3"]<\/p>\n
    check_multiple_versions(versions)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5728\u96c6\u6210\u5f00\u53d1\u73af\u5883\uff08IDE\uff09\u4e2d\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u4ee3IDE\u5982PyCharm\u3001VSCode\u7b49\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Python\u7248\u672c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528PyCharm\u7ba1\u7406Python\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728PyCharm\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7684Project Interpreter\u9009\u9879\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u548c\u9009\u62e9Python\u7248\u672c\u3002PyCharm\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u68c0\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.2\u3001\u5728VSCode\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6ePython\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
VSCode\u901a\u8fc7\u5176Python\u6269\u5c55\u652f\u6301\u9009\u62e9\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u9762\u677f\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165\u201cPython: Select Interpreter\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9009\u62e9\u6240\u9700\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5728\u5bb9\u5668\u548c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e2d\u7ba1\u7406Python\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u9694\u79bb\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884cPython\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\uff08\u5982Docker\uff09\u548c\u865a\u62df\u673a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
6.1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Docker\u7ba1\u7406Python\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Docker\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b98\u65b9\u7684Python\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Dockerfile\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u6240\u9700\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
FROM python:3.9<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6.2\u3001\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u865a\u62df\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b89\u88c5\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\uff08apt\u3001yum\u7b49\uff09\u6216\u6e90\u7801\u7f16\u8bd1\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bae<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ba1\u7406\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528pyenv\u6216Docker\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u751f\u4ea7\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5219\u5e94\u786e\u4fdd\u7248\u672c\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u68c0\u67e5\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u6216\u7ec8\u7aef\u4e2d\u8f93\u5165 python --version<\/code> \u6216 python3 --version<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u663e\u793a\u5f53\u524d\u9ed8\u8ba4Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u7248\u672c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fWindows\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u547d\u4ee4\u63d0\u793a\u7b26\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u5728Mac\u548cLinux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bf7\u6253\u5f00\u7ec8\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5207\u6362\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86\u591a\u4e2aPython\u7248\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7248\u672c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u5982 pyenv<\/code> \u6216 virtualenv<\/code> \u6765\u5207\u6362\u4e0d\u540c\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7248\u672c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u6307\u5b9a\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684Python\u7248\u672c\uff1f<\/strong>
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