{"id":981007,"date":"2024-12-27T06:58:59","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:58:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/981007.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T06:59:03","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T22:59:03","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%94%a8python%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0lda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/981007.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u5b9e\u73b0lda"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24210136\/e62c18b1-3735-4bcd-94b1-d2ba64f8b0f3.webp\" alt=\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528python\u5b9e\u73b0lda\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>\u8981\u7528Python\u5b9e\u73b0LDA\uff08Latent Dirichlet Allocation\uff09\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5982Gensim\u3001Scikit-learn\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u9898\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3LDA\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u53bb\u9664\u505c\u7528\u8bcd\u3001\u8bcd\u5f62\u8fd8\u539f\u3001\u8bcd\u5e72\u63d0\u53d6\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\u662fLDA\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aLDA\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u53bb\u9664\u505c\u7528\u8bcd\u3001\u8bcd\u5f62\u8fd8\u539f\u3001\u8bcd\u5e72\u63d0\u53d6\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u505c\u7528\u8bcd\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e3b\u9898\u8bc6\u522b\u6ca1\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5728\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53bb\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fdb\u884cLDA\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u9884\u5904\u7406\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u7b80\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9884\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u53bb\u9664\u505c\u7528\u8bcd<\/strong><br \/>\u505c\u7528\u8bcd\u662f\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u4e3b\u9898\u65e0\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u7684\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5728\u201d\u3001\u201c\u548c\u201d\u7b49\u3002Python\u7684NLTK\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u505c\u7528\u8bcd\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u53bb\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8bcd\u5f62\u8fd8\u539f\u548c\u8bcd\u5e72\u63d0\u53d6<\/strong><br \/>\u8bcd\u5f62\u8fd8\u539f\u662f\u5c06\u8bcd\u6c47\u8fd8\u539f\u5230\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u201crunning\u201d\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u201crun\u201d\u3002\u8bcd\u5e72\u63d0\u53d6\u5219\u662f\u53bb\u9664\u8bcd\u7f00\uff0c\u5c06\u8bcd\u6c47\u5316\u7b80\u4e3a\u8bcd\u5e72\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002NLTK\u548cspaCy\u90fd\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4f18\u79c0\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u8bcd<\/strong><br \/>\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5206\u5272\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u662fLDA\u5904\u7406\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684str.split()\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216NLTK\u548cspaCy\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u521b\u5efa<\/strong><br \/>\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\u540e\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u662fLDA\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528Gensim\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b\u548cTF-IDF<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b\uff08Bag of Words\uff09\u6216TF-IDF\uff08Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency\uff09\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662fLDA\u6a21\u578b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b\uff08Bag of Words\uff09<\/strong><br \/>\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5ffd\u7565\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002\u5728Gensim\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>Dictionary<\/code>\u548c<code>doc2bow<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>TF-IDF<\/strong><br \/>TF-IDF\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u8fd8\u8003\u8651\u5176\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002Gensim\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86<code>TfidfModel<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u6362\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><br \/>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cTF-IDF\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8bcd\u888b\u6a21\u578b\u66f4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6587\u672c\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u6216\u4e3b\u9898\u5206\u5e03\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8eLDA\u7684\u6548\u679c\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u8bad\u7ec3LDA\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6709\u4e86\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8868\u793a\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3LDA\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0cGensim\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u521d\u59cb\u5316LDA\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><br \/>\u4f7f\u7528Gensim\u7684<code>LdaModel<\/code>\u7c7b\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u4e00\u4e2aLDA\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3b\u9898\u6570\u3001\u8bcd\u5178\u548c\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7b49\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3b\u9898\u6570<\/strong><br \/>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6570\u662fLDA\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u53c9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8bc4\u5206\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u4e3b\u9898\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><br \/>\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528<code>LdaModel<\/code>\u7684<code>tr<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/blog\/59162.html\" target=\"_blank\">AI<\/a>n<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u8bad\u7ec3\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u8fed\u4ee3\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><br \/>\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e3b\u9898\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u56f0\u60d1\u5ea6\u7b49\u6307\u6807\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u597d\u574f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u63d0\u53d6\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3b\u9898<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u63d0\u53d6\u4e3b\u9898\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u662fLDA\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u63d0\u53d6\u4e3b\u9898<\/strong><br \/>\u4f7f\u7528Gensim\u7684<code>show_topics<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u3002\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u9898\u53ef\u89c6\u5316<\/strong><br \/>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u9898\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pyLDAvis\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u4e3b\u9898\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u7406\u89e3\u4e3b\u9898\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u4e3b\u9898<\/strong><br \/>\u6839\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408\u4e1a\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u8c03\u4f18\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002LDA\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e3b\u9898\u6570\u3001\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u7a00\u758f\u5ea6\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4e3b\u9898\u6570\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><br \/>\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u6570\u662fLDA\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u53c9\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u8bc4\u5206\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u4e3b\u9898\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u4f18\u5316\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570<\/strong><br \/>\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u5145\u5206\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fc7\u5c11\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\u672a\u6536\u655b\uff0c\u800c\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u8c03\u6574\u4e3b\u9898\u7a00\u758f\u5ea6<\/strong><br \/>\u4e3b\u9898\u7a00\u758f\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u8fd9\u4e00\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><p><strong>\u516d\u3001\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3LDA\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9645\u6848\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u9009\u62e9<\/strong><br \/>\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u662f\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u9884\u5904\u7406\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u8bad\u7ec3<\/strong><br 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