{"id":981580,"date":"2024-12-27T07:03:48","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/981580.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T07:03:51","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:03:51","slug":"python%e5%90%8e%e7%ab%af%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%81%e8%a3%85%e6%8e%a5%e5%8f%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/981580.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u540e\u7aef\u5982\u4f55\u5c01\u88c5\u63a5\u53e3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u540e\u7aef\u5982\u4f55\u5c01\u88c5\u63a5\u53e3\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u540e\u7aef\u4e2d\u5c01\u88c5\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6846\u67b6\u5982Flask\u6216Django\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u63a5\u53e3\u3001\u5229\u7528\u7c7b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6587\u6863\u5316\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u5c01\u88c5\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u660e\u786e\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u6863\u548cAPI\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u6613\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\u5e94\u5305\u542b\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u7b49\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u548c\u7528\u6237\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u65f6\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e00\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0e\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6307\u5f15\u3002\u63a5\u53e3\u89c4\u8303\u5305\u62ec\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08GET\u3001POST\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u548c\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u662f\u7528\u6237\u8bbf\u95ee\u63a5\u53e3\u7684URL\uff0c\u800c\u8bf7\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5982GET\u7528\u4e8e\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u6e90\uff0cPOST\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u7406\u89e3\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7528\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u8bf7\u6c42\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8def\u5f84\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u6216\u8bf7\u6c42\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u6bcf\u79cd\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u548c\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u662f\u5426\u5fc5\u9700\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u63a5\u53e3\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u54cd\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u662fJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5b83\u5e94\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u548c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u63a5\u53e3\u5e94\u8fd4\u56de\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7528\u6237\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u6216Django\u521b\u5efa\u63a5\u53e3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

    Python\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u540e\u7aef\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dFlask\u548cDjango\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      Flask<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Flask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u5fae\u670d\u52a1\u3002Flask\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u9ad8\uff0c\u6613\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u521b\u5efaFlask\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        from flask import Flask, jsonify, request<\/p>\n
        app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
        @app.route('\/api\/resource', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
        def get_resource():<\/p>\n
            data = {"message": "Hello, World!"}<\/p>\n
            return jsonify(data)<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \u8fd0\u884cFlask\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        export FLASK_APP=app.py<\/p>\n
        flask run<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        Django<\/strong><\/p>\n
        Django\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7684Web\u5e94\u7528\u3002Django\u81ea\u5e26\u8bb8\u591a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982ORM\u3001\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        • \n
          \u521b\u5efaDjango\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u5e94\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          django-admin startproject myproject<\/p>\n
          cd myproject<\/p>\n
          django-admin startapp myapp<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \u5b9a\u4e49Django\u89c6\u56fe<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          from django.http import JsonResponse<\/p>\n
          def get_resource(request):<\/p>\n
              data = {"message": "Hello, World!"}<\/p>\n
              return JsonResponse(data)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \u914d\u7f6eURL<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          from django.urls import path<\/p>\n
          from . import views<\/p>\n
          urlpatterns = [<\/p>\n
              path('api\/resource', views.get_resource),<\/p>\n
          ]<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4e09\u3001\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u4e0e\u5c01\u88c5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
          \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u903b\u8f91\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u7c7b\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570<\/strong><\/p>\n
            \u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u7c7b\u6216\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u590d\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4f7f\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            • \n
              \u7c7b\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              class ResourceHandler:<\/p>\n
                  def get(self):<\/p>\n
                      return {"message": "Hello, World!"}<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              \u5728\u89c6\u56fe\u4e2d\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              resource_handler = ResourceHandler()<\/p>\n
              @app.route('\/api\/resource', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
              def get_resource():<\/p>\n
                  data = resource_handler.get()<\/p>\n
                  return jsonify(data)<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
            • \n
              \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u4f18\u70b9<\/strong><\/p>\n
              \u6a21\u5757\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u56e2\u961f\u534f\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e5f\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u56db\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u7ba1\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
              \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u662f\u63a5\u53e3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u597d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \n
                \u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38<\/strong><\/p>\n
                \u5728\u63a5\u53e3\u4e2d\u6355\u83b7\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                @app.route('\/api\/resource', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
                def get_resource():<\/p>\n
                    try:<\/p>\n
                        data = {"message": "Hello, World!"}<\/p>\n
                        return jsonify(data)<\/p>\n
                    except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
                        return jsonify({"error": str(e)}), 500<\/p>\n
                <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              2. \n
                \u9519\u8bef\u7801\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/strong><\/p>\n
                \u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u7801\u5305\u62ec400\uff08\u8bf7\u6c42\u9519\u8bef\uff09\u3001401\uff08\u672a\u6388\u6743\uff09\u3001404\uff08\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff09\u3001500\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                • \u9519\u8bef\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\n
                  from flask import abort<\/p>\n
                  @app.route('\/api\/resource\/<int:id>', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
                  def get_resource(id):<\/p>\n
                      if id not in valid_ids:<\/p>\n
                          abort(404)<\/p>\n
                      data = {"id": id, "message": "Resource found"}<\/p>\n
                      return jsonify(data)<\/p>\n
                  <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u4e94\u3001\u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0e\u6587\u6863\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
                  \u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6587\u6863\u5316\u662f\u786e\u4fdd\u63a5\u53e3\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \n
                    \u63a5\u53e3\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/p>\n
                    \u5229\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982pytest\uff09\u5bf9\u63a5\u53e3\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                      \n
                    • \u5355\u5143\u6d4b\u8bd5\u793a\u4f8b\n
                      def test_get_resource(client):<\/p>\n
                          response = client.get('\/api\/resource')<\/p>\n
                          assert response.status_code == 200<\/p>\n
                          assert response.json == {"message": "Hello, World!"}<\/p>\n
                      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
                    • \n
                      \u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u6863<\/strong><\/p>\n
                      \u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u6863\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5982Swagger\u6216Postman\u6765\u751f\u6210\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \n
                      • \n
                        \u4f7f\u7528Swagger<\/p>\n
                        Swagger\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7OpenAPI\u89c4\u8303\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u63a5\u53e3\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u6d4b\u8bd5\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        openapi: 3.0.0<\/p>\n
                        info:<\/p>\n
                          title: Sample API<\/p>\n
                          version: 1.0.0<\/p>\n
                        paths:<\/p>\n
                          \/api\/resource:<\/p>\n
                            get:<\/p>\n
                              summary: Get resource<\/p>\n
                              responses:<\/p>\n
                                '200':<\/p>\n
                                  description: Successful response<\/p>\n
                                  content:<\/p>\n
                                    application\/json:<\/p>\n
                                      schema:<\/p>\n
                                        type: object<\/p>\n
                                        properties:<\/p>\n
                                          message:<\/p>\n
                                            type: string<\/p>\n
                        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                        \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u540e\u7aef\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5c01\u88c5\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u63a5\u53e3\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                        \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
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