{"id":982776,"date":"2024-12-27T07:13:45","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:13:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/982776.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T07:13:47","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:13:47","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%8f%8c%e5%b7%a5%e8%81%8a%e5%a4%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/982776.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Socket\u7f16\u7a0b\u3001\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65I\/O<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cSocket\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Socket\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u5904\u7406\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65<\/strong>\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SOCKET\u7f16\u7a0b\u521b\u5efa\u8fde\u63a5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u3002Python\u7684socket<\/code>\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Socket\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u521b\u5efaSocket\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528socket.socket()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aSocket\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9AF_INET<\/code>\u5730\u5740\u65cf\u548cSOCK_STREAM<\/code>\u7c7b\u578b\u6765\u521b\u5efaTCP\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    \u7ed1\u5b9a\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9700\u8981\u5c06Socket\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u76d1\u542c\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f7f\u7528bind()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    \u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u901a\u8fc7listen()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\u76d1\u542c\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    \u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u63a5\uff08\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528accept()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f1a\u963b\u585e\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    \u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff08\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528connect()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5730\u5740\u548c\u7aef\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    # \u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef<\/p>\n
    import socket<\/p>\n
    server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)<\/p>\n
    server_socket.bind(('localhost', 12345))<\/p>\n
    server_socket.listen(5)<\/p>\n
    print("Server listening on port 12345")<\/p>\n
    client_socket, address = server_socket.accept()<\/p>\n
    print(f"Connection from {address} has been established.")<\/p>\n
    \u5ba2\u6237\u7aef<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    import socket<\/p>\n
    client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)<\/p>\n
    client_socket.connect(('localhost', 12345))<\/p>\n
    print("Connected to server on port 12345")<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
    \u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u521b\u5efa\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u5904\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u51fd\u6570<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u5165\u8bfb\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u53d1\u9001\u5230Socket\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u4eceSocket\u63a5\u6536\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528start()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u5f00\u59cb\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import threading<\/p>\n
      def send_messages(sock):<\/p>\n
          while True:<\/p>\n
              message = input("You: ")<\/p>\n
              sock.sendall(message.encode())<\/p>\n
      def receive_messages(sock):<\/p>\n
          while True:<\/p>\n
              data = sock.recv(1024)<\/p>\n
              if data:<\/p>\n
                  print("Friend: " + data.decode())<\/p>\n
      \u521b\u5efa\u5e76\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      send_thread = threading.Thread(target=send_messages, args=(client_socket,))<\/p>\n
      receive_thread = threading.Thread(target=receive_messages, args=(client_socket,))<\/p>\n
      send_thread.start()<\/p>\n
      receive_thread.start()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5f02\u6b65I\/O\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7asyncio<\/code>\u5e93\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u963b\u585e\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528async def<\/code>\u5b9a\u4e49\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u63a5\u6536\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u4f7f\u7528\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af<\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528asyncio.run()<\/code>\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        \u5f02\u6b65Socket\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528loop.sock_sendall()<\/code>\u548cloop.sock_recv()<\/code>\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import asyncio<\/p>\n
        async def send_messages(writer):<\/p>\n
            while True:<\/p>\n
                message = input("You: ")<\/p>\n
                writer.write(message.encode())<\/p>\n
                awAI<\/a>t writer.drain()<\/p>\n
        async def receive_messages(reader):<\/p>\n
            while True:<\/p>\n
                data = await reader.read(1024)<\/p>\n
                if data:<\/p>\n
                    print("Friend: " + data.decode())<\/p>\n
        async def main():<\/p>\n
            reader, writer = await asyncio.open_connection('localhost', 12345)<\/p>\n
            await asyncio.gather(<\/p>\n
                send_messages(writer),<\/p>\n
                receive_messages(reader)<\/p>\n
            )<\/p>\n
        asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u6570\u636e\u540c\u6b65<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u673a\u5236\uff08\u5982threading.Lock<\/code>\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5931\u8d25\u7b49\u5f02\u5e38\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          \u6570\u636e\u52a0\u5bc6<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528SSL\/TLS\u52a0\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          # \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/p>\n
          try:<\/p>\n
              client_socket.connect(('localhost', 12345))<\/p>\n
          except socket.error as e:<\/p>\n
              print(f"Connection error: {e}")<\/p>\n
          \u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u9501\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          lock = threading.Lock()<\/p>\n
          def thread_SAFe<\/a>_send(sock, message):<\/p>\n
              with lock:<\/p>\n
                  sock.sendall(message.encode())<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u80fd\u591f\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u53d1\u9001\u548c\u63a5\u6536\uff0c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u6269\u5c55\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7528\u6237\u804a\u5929\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u7528\u6237\u8ba4\u8bc1\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
           \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\u529f\u80fd\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528socket\u6a21\u5757\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u548c\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u3002\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u76d1\u542c\u6765\u81ea\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001\u6d88\u606f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u540c\u65f6\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u5b9e\u73b0\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u9664\u4e86socket\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u4ed6\u5e93\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u53cc\u5de5\u804a\u5929\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982asyncio\u3001Twisted\u6216WebSocket\u3002asyncio\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0cTwisted\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u800cWebSocket\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u6301\u4e45\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5b9e\u65f6\u6570\u636e\u4f20\u8f93\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u6211\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
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