{"id":983591,"date":"2024-12-27T07:20:46","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:20:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/983591.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T07:20:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:20:48","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%b0%83%e7%94%a8%e6%a8%a1%e5%9d%97%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/983591.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24211547\/27343e1d-071b-4b30-a56a-4209a9922d64.webp\" alt=\"python\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> \u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d\uff1a<br \/><strong>Python\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u3001from&#8230;import\u8bed\u53e5\u3001import&#8230;as\u8bed\u53e5<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cimport\u8bed\u53e5\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5165\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u3002from&#8230;import\u8bed\u53e5\u5219\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\u65e0\u9700\u518d\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5757\u540d\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\u3002import&#8230;as\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u5bfc\u5165\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e00\u3001IMPORT\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>import\u8bed\u53e5\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5165\u6574\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u9876\u90e8\u6dfb\u52a0<code>import module_name<\/code>\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d<code>module_name<\/code>\u662f\u4f60\u8981\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>1.1 \u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u6216\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u5bfc\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>module_name.function_name()<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import math<\/p>\n<p>result = math.sqrt(16)<\/p>\n<p>print(result)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 4.0<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>1.2 \u5bfc\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u884c\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import os, sys<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>1.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u5728Python\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5bfc\u5165\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u548cPython\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\u540c\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u524d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u5f15\u53d1ImportError\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e8c\u3001FROM&#8230;IMPORT\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>from&#8230;import\u8bed\u53e5\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u4ece\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u7c7b\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u60a8\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6bcf\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u65f6\u90fd\u5199\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>2.1 \u57fa\u7840\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e3a<code>from module_name import name1, name2, ...<\/code>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dname1, name2\u662f\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from math import sqrt, pi<\/p>\n<p>result = sqrt(16)<\/p>\n<p>print(pi)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 3.141592653589793<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>2.2 \u5bfc\u5165\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u661f\u53f7\uff08*\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from math import *<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>2.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4f7f\u7528from&#8230;import\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u661f\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u5f15\u8d77\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5bfc\u5165\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e09\u3001IMPORT&#8230;AS\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>import&#8230;as\u8bed\u53e5\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u6216\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u8f83\u957f\u6216\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>3.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u540d<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7<code>import module_name as alias<\/code>\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import numpy as np<\/p>\n<p>array = np.array([1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>3.2 from&#8230;import&#8230;as \u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u6307\u5b9a\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from math import sqrt as square_root<\/p>\n<p>result = square_root(16)<\/p>\n<p>print(result)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 4.0<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>3.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4e3a\u6a21\u5757\u6307\u5b9a\u6613\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u522b\u540d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0ePython\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6216\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u540c\u540d\u7684\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u56db\u3001PYTHON\u6a21\u5757\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5f53\u60a8\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u7406\u89e3Python\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u60a8\u89e3\u51b3\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>4.1 sys.path\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>sys.path\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86Python\u641c\u7d22\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539sys.path\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import sys<\/p>\n<p>print(sys.path)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>4.2 \u4fee\u6539\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4fee\u6539sys.path\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u65b0\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import sys<\/p>\n<p>sys.path.append(&#39;\/path\/to\/your\/module_directory&#39;)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>4.3 PYTHONPATH\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ePYTHONPATH\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5757\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6240\u6709Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u90fd\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e94\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u521b\u5efa\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u60a8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u91cd\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>5.1 \u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u521b\u5efa\u6a21\u5757\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5c06Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5<code>.py<\/code>\u4e3a\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a<code>mymodule.py<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># mymodule.py<\/p>\n<p>def greet(name):<\/p>\n<p>    return f&quot;Hello, {name}!&quot;<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>5.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u5bfc\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8c03\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import mymodule<\/p>\n<p>message = mymodule.greet(&quot;Alice&quot;)<\/p>\n<p>print(message)  # \u8f93\u51fa: Hello, Alice!<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>5.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0e\u4e3b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u6216\u5728Python\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u5e94\u7b26\u5408Python\u547d\u540d\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u540c\u540d\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u516d\u3001PYTHON\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u5305\u542b\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5757\u5e76\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7f16\u7a0b\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>6.1 \u5e38\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>os\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>sys\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0ePython\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<li>math\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li>datetime\uff1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u671f\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>6.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5bfc\u5165\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6a21\u5757\u4e0e\u5bfc\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import datetime<\/p>\n<p>current_time = datetime.datetime.now()<\/p>\n<p>print(current_time)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>6.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u719f\u6089\u5e38\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u9020\u8f6e\u5b50\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u67e5\u770b\u5b98\u65b9\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e03\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u793e\u533a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>7.1 \u4f7f\u7528pip\u5b89\u88c5\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>pip\u662fPython\u7684\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u7ba1\u7406Python\u5305\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pip install module_name<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>7.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u4f7f\u7528\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u6a21\u5757\u4e00\u6837\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import requests<\/p>\n<p>response = requests.get(&#39;https:\/\/api.example.com&#39;)<\/p>\n<p>print(response.text)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>7.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u4e0ePython\u7248\u672c\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u671f\u66f4\u65b0\u6a21\u5757\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u6700\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4fee\u590d\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u516b\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4e86\u89e3\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>8.1 \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5916\u90e8\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># module_a.py<\/p>\n<p>var = 10<\/p>\n<p>def func():<\/p>\n<p>    return var<\/p>\n<h2><strong>m<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/blog\/59162.html\" target=\"_blank\">AI<\/a>n.py<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>import module_a<\/p>\n<p>print(module_a.var)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 10<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>8.2 \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u662f\u6307\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u7684\u53ef\u89c1\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u6a21\u5757\u5185\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u7b26\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u5916\u90e8\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u901a\u8fc7\u5bfc\u5165\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\"># module_b.py<\/p>\n<p>def outer_func():<\/p>\n<p>    inner_var = 5<\/p>\n<p>    def inner_func():<\/p>\n<p>        return inner_var<\/p>\n<p>    return inner_func()<\/p>\n<h2><strong>main.py<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>import module_b<\/p>\n<p>result = module_b.outer_func()<\/p>\n<p>print(result)  # \u8f93\u51fa: 5<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>8.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5168\u5c40\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u7406\u89e3\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u548c\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u4e5d\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u5bfc\u5165<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>9.1 \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>Python\u5728\u9996\u6b21\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\u4f1a\u5c06\u5176\u52a0\u8f7d\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u7eed\u5bfc\u5165\u4e0d\u4f1a\u91cd\u590d\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>importlib<\/code>\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">import importlib<\/p>\n<p>import mymodule<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u4fee\u6539mymodule.py\u6587\u4ef6\u540e<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>importlib.reload(mymodule)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>9.2 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u4fdd\u5b58\u4fee\u6539\u8fc7\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u5341\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u6253\u5305\u548c\u5206\u53d1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5c06\u6a21\u5757\u6253\u5305\u6210\u53ef\u5206\u53d1\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>10.1 \u521b\u5efasetup.py\u6587\u4ef6<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p><code>setup.py<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49Python\u5305\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u811a\u672c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684<code>setup.py<\/code>\u6587\u4ef6\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from setuptools import setup, find_packages<\/p>\n<p>setup(<\/p>\n<p>    name=&#39;mypackage&#39;,<\/p>\n<p>    version=&#39;0.1&#39;,<\/p>\n<p>    packages=find_packages(),<\/p>\n<p>    install_requires=[<\/p>\n<p>        # \u5217\u51fa\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<p>    ],<\/p>\n<p>)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>10.2 \u6253\u5305\u548c\u5206\u53d1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u521b\u5efa\u5305\u5e76\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230PyPI\uff08Python Package Index\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-bash\">python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel<\/p>\n<p>twine upload dist\/*<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>10.3 \u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ed4\u7ec6\u586b\u5199\u5305\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u4e86\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7528\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u987a\u5229\u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u5305\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u603b\u7ed3\uff0cPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u91cd\u7528\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u3001from&#8230;import\u8bed\u53e5\u3001import&#8230;as\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7406\u89e3\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u57df\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5229\u7528pip\u8fdb\u884c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u501f\u52a9setup.py\u8fdb\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u6253\u5305\u548c\u5206\u53d1\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325Python\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5bfc\u5165\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\uff08.py\u6587\u4ef6\uff09\u4e0e\u4e3b\u811a\u672c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<code>import \u6a21\u5757\u540d<\/code>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u540d\u4e3a<code>my_module.py<\/code>\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7<code>import my_module<\/code>\u6765\u5bfc\u5165\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>my_module.\u51fd\u6570\u540d()<\/code>\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6a21\u5757\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5728\u4e3b\u811a\u672c\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u5f55\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4fee\u6539<code>sys.path<\/code>\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\u3002<code>sys.path<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u67e5\u627e\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u811a\u672c\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u6dfb\u52a0\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84\uff1a  <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import sys\nsys.path.append(&#39;\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84&#39;)\nimport your_module\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u786e\u4fdd\u5c06<code>\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84<\/code>\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770b\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5217\u8868\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u8981\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u7684Python\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>pip list<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u6253\u5f00\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8f93\u5165\u8be5\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u6a21\u5757\u53ca\u5176\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e2d\u7684<code>help(&#39;modules&#39;)<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5217\u51fa\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u53ca\u5176\u540d\u79f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\u5728\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528<code>import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5bfc\u5165\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728<code>my_module.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528<code>math<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u5f00\u5934\u6dfb\u52a0<code>import math<\/code>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728<code>my_module.py<\/code>\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528<code>math<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u5e38\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5f00\u5934\u6bb5\u843d\uff1aPython\u8c03\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u3001from&#8230;import\u8bed\u53e5\u3001im [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":983604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983591"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=983591"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":983606,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983591\/revisions\/983606"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/983604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=983591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=983591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=983591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}