{"id":98447,"date":"2024-04-12T11:16:07","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T03:16:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/98447.html"},"modified":"2024-04-12T11:16:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T03:16:08","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%9c%a8python%e4%b8%ad%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8rest-api","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/98447.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528REST API"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528REST<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528REST API\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8c03\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\u7b49\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0cPython\u793e\u533a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5e93\u5982requests<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u7b80\u5316\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u4e5f\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e93\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u6d01\u7684API\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/code>\u5e93\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u88c5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pip\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\u975e\u5e38\u76f4\u63a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u5411https:\/\/api.example.com\/data<\/code>\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aGET\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u4e86\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u5bf9\u5427\uff1f\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0crequests<\/code>\u5e93\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fdc\u4e0d\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002\u4f60\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u81ea\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u53d1\u9001JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f97\u5230\u54cd\u5e94\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u7801200\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff0c4xx\u8868\u793a\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u9519\u8bef\uff0c5xx\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
if response.status_code == 200:<\/p>\n
    print("\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff01")<\/p>\n
else:<\/p>\n
    print("\u8bf7\u6c42\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u7801\uff1a", response.status_code)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u54cd\u5e94\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002requests<\/code>\u5e93\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u89e3\u7801\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5f53\u54cd\u5e94\u662fJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528.json()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u6790\u6210\u5b57\u5178\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
data = response.json()<\/p>\n
print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5904\u7406JSON\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
REST API\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u9700\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b83\u3002json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u751f\u6210JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
\u5c06Python\u5bf9\u8c61\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32<\/strong><\/h2>\n
python_obj = {"name": "John", "age": 30}<\/p>\n
json_str = json.dumps(python_obj)<\/p>\n
print(json_str)<\/p>\n
\u5c06JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aPython\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
json_str = '{"name": "John", "age": 30}'<\/p>\n
python_obj = json.loads(json_str)<\/p>\n
print(python_obj)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\u7b49\u3002requests<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from requests.exceptions import HTTPError, Timeout<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data', timeout=1)<\/p>\n
    response.rAI<\/a>se_for_status()<\/p>\n
except HTTPError as http_err:<\/p>\n
    print(f'HTTP\u9519\u8bef\uff1a{http_err}')<\/p>\n
except Timeout as timeout_err:<\/p>\n
    print(f'\u8bf7\u6c42\u8d85\u65f6\uff1a{timeout_err}')<\/p>\n
except Exception as err:<\/p>\n
    print(f'\u5176\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\uff1a{err}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u4f7f\u7528REST API\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u8bed<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f7f\u7528REST API\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u70b9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e8eAPI\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u79ef\u7d2f\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5e94\u5bf9\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u4ea4\u4e92\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528REST API\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
    \u4ec0\u4e48\u662fREST API\uff1f
    \nREST API\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7HTTP\u534f\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u5b83\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u98ce\u683c\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u6216\u4fee\u6539\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528REST API\uff1f
    \nPython\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5904\u7406REST API\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u662frequests\u5e93\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests\u5e93\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u9001GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u3001\u67e5\u8be2\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b63\u6587\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406REST API\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff1f
    \n\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u9001\u4e86\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u60a8\u5c06\u6536\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u54cd\u5e94\u4ee5HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fd4\u56de\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e2d\u7684status_code\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u5b83\u3002\u6839\u636e\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a200\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a404\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u8d44\u6e90\u672a\u627e\u5230\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u4e3a500\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u60a8\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684json\u5e93\u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u603b\u7ed3\uff1a
    \n\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528REST API\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u4e0e\u5404\u79cdWeb\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8981\u4f7f\u7528REST API\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e86\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528REST API\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528REST API\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8c03\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u670d\u52a1\u6216\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u5904\u7406J […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":98450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98447"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98447"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98447\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98450"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}