{"id":984785,"date":"2024-12-27T07:31:14","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:31:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/984785.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T07:31:17","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:31:17","slug":"bfs%e7%ae%97%e6%b3%95%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/984785.html","title":{"rendered":"bfs\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align:center;\" ><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-kb.worktile.com\/kb\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/24212235\/167b1fca-75a0-4ca3-b8f0-7fd29c0841eb.webp\" alt=\"bfs\u7b97\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\" \/><\/p>\n<p><p> <strong>BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728Python\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u904d\u5386\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u5904\u7406\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\uff09\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u6216\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0a\u66f4\u4e3a\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u503c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e0e\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">graph = {<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;A&#39;: [&#39;B&#39;, &#39;C&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;B&#39;: [&#39;A&#39;, &#39;D&#39;, &#39;E&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;C&#39;: [&#39;A&#39;, &#39;F&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;D&#39;: [&#39;B&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;E&#39;: [&#39;B&#39;, &#39;F&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;F&#39;: [&#39;C&#39;, &#39;E&#39;]<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684BFS\u904d\u5386\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p><h2>\u4e00\u3001BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u6982\u8ff0<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>BFS\uff08\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u904d\u5386\u6216\u641c\u7d22\u56fe\u5f62\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f9d\u6b21\u6df1\u5165\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90bb\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u3002BFS\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5e7f\u64ad\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u63a8\u8350\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u961f\u5217\u6765\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u9010\u5c42\u6269\u5c55\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c42\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u5c42\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e8c\u3001\u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u3002\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u662f\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u503c\u662f\u4e0e\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. \u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8282\u7701\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e14\u6613\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u8bbf\u95ee\u4efb\u4f55\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65e0\u5411\u56fe\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u8868\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">graph = {<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;A&#39;: [&#39;B&#39;, &#39;C&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;B&#39;: [&#39;A&#39;, &#39;D&#39;, &#39;E&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;C&#39;: [&#39;A&#39;, &#39;F&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;D&#39;: [&#39;B&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;E&#39;: [&#39;B&#39;, &#39;F&#39;],<\/p>\n<p>    &#39;F&#39;: [&#39;C&#39;, &#39;E&#39;]<\/p>\n<p>}<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2. \u6784\u5efa\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u6784\u5efa\u90bb\u63a5\u8868\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5b57\u5178<\/strong>\uff1a\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u6765\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6dfb\u52a0\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u90bb\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u4f5c\u4e3a\u503c\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5904\u7406\u65e0\u5411\u56fe<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u56fe\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u6761\u8fb9\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u8868\u793a\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u56fe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u6253\u4e0b\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0BFS\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u597d\u56fe\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u73b0BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u3001\u904d\u5386\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u5904\u7406\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. \u521d\u59cb\u5316<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u9636\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u961f\u5217\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u961f\u5217\u7528\u4e8e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5373\u5c06\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8bbf\u95ee\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><pre><code class=\"language-python\">from collections import deque<\/p>\n<p>def bfs(graph, start):<\/p>\n<p>    visited = set()  # \u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>    queue = deque([start])  # \u521d\u59cb\u5316\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5165\u961f<\/p>\n<p>    while queue:<\/p>\n<p>        # \u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>        node = queue.popleft()<\/p>\n<p>        if node not in visited:<\/p>\n<p>            # \u5904\u7406\u5f53\u524d\u8282\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>            print(node, end=&#39; &#39;)<\/p>\n<p>            visited.add(node)<\/p>\n<p>            # \u5c06\u6240\u6709\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217<\/p>\n<p>            for neighbour in graph[node]:<\/p>\n<p>                if neighbour not in visited:<\/p>\n<p>                    queue.append(neighbour)<\/p>\n<p><\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2. \u904d\u5386\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u904d\u5386\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cBFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u6765\u5904\u7406\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002\u6bcf\u6b21\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u961f\u5217\u4e2d\u53d6\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u68c0\u67e5\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u5219\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6240\u6709\u672a\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u52a0\u5165\u961f\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>3. \u7ed3\u679c\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6253\u5370\u8282\u70b9\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u8def\u5f84\u7b49\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u64cd\u4f5c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u672c\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6253\u5370\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u5c55\u793a\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u56db\u3001BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. \u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u65e0\u6743\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0cBFS\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u627e\u5230\u4ece\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u56e0\u4e3aBFS\u9010\u5c42\u63a2\u7d22\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u8def\u5f84\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2. \u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>BFS\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u901a\u8fc7BFS\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>3. \u4e8c\u5206\u56fe\u5224\u5b9a<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>BFS\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5206\u56fe\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u5bf9\u8282\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u7740\u8272\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u4fdd\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u56fe\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e8c\u5206\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e94\u3001BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u7f3a\u70b9<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. \u4f18\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u61c2<\/strong>\uff1aBFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u65e0\u6743\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0cBFS\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528<\/strong>\uff1aBFS\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u56fe\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>2. \u7f3a\u70b9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8<\/strong>\uff1a\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0cBFS\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u6743\u56fe<\/strong>\uff1aBFS\u65e0\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u5e26\u6743\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528Dijkstra\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216A*\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h2>\u516d\u3001\u4f18\u5316BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7b56\u7565<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. \u4f7f\u7528\u53cc\u5411BFS<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u53cc\u5411BFS\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4f18\u5316\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u65f6\u4ece\u8d77\u59cb\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1\u8fdb\u884cBFS\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8f83\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u627e\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2. \u9650\u5236\u641c\u7d22\u6df1\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u641c\u7d22\u6df1\u5ea6\u6765\u51cf\u5c11BFS\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5185\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>3. \u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u4f7f\u7528\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u961f\u5217\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8BFS\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528<code>deque<\/code>\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5217\u8868\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u51fa\u961f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e03\u3001BFS\u4e0eDFS\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>BFS\u548cDFS\uff08\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f18\u5148\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u56fe\u904d\u5386\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. \u904d\u5386\u987a\u5e8f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BFS<\/strong>\uff1a\u9010\u5c42\u904d\u5386\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u8bbf\u95ee\u5f53\u524d\u5c42\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>DFS<\/strong>\uff1a\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56de\u6eaf\u5230\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7ee7\u7eed\u904d\u5386\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>2. \u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BFS<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u4e8c\u5206\u56fe\u5224\u5b9a\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>DFS<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u68c0\u6d4b\u3001\u62d3\u6251\u6392\u5e8f\u3001\u5f3a\u8fde\u901a\u5206\u91cf\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h3>3. \u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u8005\u5747\u4e3aO(V + E)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dV\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u6570\uff0cE\u662f\u8fb9\u6570\u3002<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1aBFS\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u961f\u5217\uff0c\u5176\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u9ad8\u4e8eDFS\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><h2>\u516b\u3001BFS\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6848\u4f8b<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>1. \u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0cBFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u7528\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u53d1\u73b0\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7BFS\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u786e\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>2. \u6e38\u620f<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/blog\/59162.html\" target=\"_blank\">AI<\/a><\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>\u5728\u6e38\u620f\u5f00\u53d1\u4e2d\uff0cBFS\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8def\u5f84\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u5bfb\u8def\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8ff7\u5bab\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\uff0cBFS\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u627e\u5230\u4ece\u8d77\u70b9\u5230\u7ec8\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u65e0\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u89c4\u5212\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h3>3. \u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>BFS\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u68c0\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6f0f\u6d1e\u6216\u653b\u51fb\u8def\u5f84\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BFS\u6765\u904d\u5386\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p><h2>\u4e5d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n<p><p>BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u5927\u800c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u56fe\u904d\u5386\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9886\u57df\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u961f\u5217\u548c\u96c6\u5408\uff0cBFS\u80fd\u591f\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u904d\u5386\u56fe\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u65e0\u6743\u56fe\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u867d\u7136BFS\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0cBFS\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u3001\u6e38\u620fAI\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u638c\u63e1BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56fe\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p> <strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0BFS\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1f<\/strong><br 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