{"id":986125,"date":"2024-12-27T07:42:14","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/986125.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T07:42:16","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:42:16","slug":"python%e4%b8%ad%e5%af%b9%e8%b1%a1%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%88%9b%e5%bb%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/986125.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8c61\u5982\u4f55\u521b\u5efa\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5e76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5e76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u548c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u53ef\u590d\u7528\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5e76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\u6216\u6a21\u677f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5e76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

class Car:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, brand, model):<\/p>\n
        self.brand = brand<\/p>\n
        self.model = model<\/p>\n
    def display_info(self):<\/p>\n
        print(f"This car is a {self.brand} {self.model}")<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_car = Car("Toyota", "Corolla")<\/p>\n
my_car.display_info()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.1\u3001\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f7f\u7528class<\/code>\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u7c7b\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u65b9\u6cd5__init__<\/code>\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2\u3001\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5e76\u4f20\u9012\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u7c7b\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0clist()<\/code>\u3001dict()<\/code>\u3001set()<\/code>\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
my_list = list([1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_dict = dict(a=1, b=2)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u96c6\u5408\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_set = set([1, 2, 3])<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.1\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def car_factory(brand, model):<\/p>\n
    return Car(brand, model)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_new_car = car_factory("Honda", "Civic")<\/p>\n
my_new_car.display_info()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.1\u3001\u5c01\u88c5\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c01\u88c5\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.2\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u5185\u90e8\u51b3\u5b9a\u521b\u5efa\u54ea\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u7c7b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Car:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, brand, model):<\/p>\n
        self.brand = brand<\/p>\n
        self.model = model<\/p>\n
    @classmethod<\/p>\n
    def from_string(cls, car_string):<\/p>\n
        brand, model = car_string.split(" ")<\/p>\n
        return cls(brand, model)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
my_car_from_string = Car.from_string("Ford Mustang")<\/p>\n
my_car_from_string.display_info()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.1\u3001\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f7f\u7528@classmethod<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u7c7b\u672c\u8eab\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u547d\u540d\u4e3acls<\/code>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.2\u3001\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5de5\u5382\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u521b\u5efa\u7c7b\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u5217\u8868\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u7b49\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u7b80\u5355\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61<\/p>\n
person = {<\/p>\n
    "name": "Alice",<\/p>\n
    "age": 30,<\/p>\n
    "occupation": "Engineer"<\/p>\n
}<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5.1\u3001\u7b80\u4fbf\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u901f\u521b\u5efa\u7b80\u5355\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.2\u3001\u9002\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5b58\u50a8\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u636e\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u5141\u8bb8\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
class Person:<\/p>\n
    def __init__(self, name, age, occupation):<\/p>\n
        self.name = name<\/p>\n
        self.age = age<\/p>\n
        self.occupation = occupation<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong><\/h2>\n
person_info = {"name": "Bob", "age": 25, "occupation": "Doctor"}<\/p>\n
person = Person(person_info)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6.1\u3001\u65b9\u4fbf\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5c06\u5b57\u5178\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
6.2\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5e76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u548c\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u521b\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u5bf9\u8c61\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u8c61\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u6377\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5c01\u88c5\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5b57\u5178\u89e3\u5305\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u521b\u5efa\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u7075\u6d3b\u5e94\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684Python\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u3002\u7c7b\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5173\u952e\u5b57class<\/code>\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
class Dog:\n    def __init__(self, name, age):\n        self.name = name\n        self.age = age\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cDog<\/code>\u7c7b\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1aname<\/code>\u548cage<\/code>\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5e76\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\uff1f<\/strong>
\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7c7b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u7528\u7c7b\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
my_dog = Dog("Buddy", 3)\nprint(my_dog.name)  # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aBuddy\nprint(my_dog.age)   # \u8f93\u51fa\uff1a3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06my_dog<\/code>\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2aDog<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4ece\u521b\u5efa\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u5b83\u4e3a\u6b62\u3002Python\u4f7f\u7528\u5783\u573e\u56de\u6536\u673a\u5236\u6765\u81ea\u52a8\u7ba1\u7406\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u5f53\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u88ab\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u6536\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u91ca\u653e\u5185\u5b58\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528del<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u663e\u5f0f\u5220\u9664\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a  <\/p>\n
del my_dog\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6761\u8bed\u53e5\u4f1a\u7acb\u5373\u5220\u9664my_dog<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u5e76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7c7b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u5de5\u5382\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u636e\u7ed3 […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":986126,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/986125"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=986125"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/986125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":986127,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/986125\/revisions\/986127"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/986126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=986125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=986125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=986125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}