{"id":987010,"date":"2024-12-27T07:49:48","date_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/987010.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T07:49:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-26T23:49:50","slug":"python-%e5%ad%97%e5%85%b8%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%8f%96%e9%94%ae%e5%80%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/987010.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5b57\u5178\u5982\u4f55\u53d6\u952e\u503c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u952e\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u83b7\u53d6\u3001\u904d\u5386\u3001\u5220\u9664\u548c\u66f4\u65b0<\/strong>\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528keys()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u952e\u3001values()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u503c\u3001items()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[]<\/code>\u6216get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u952e\u7684\u503c\u3002\u4f7f\u7528keys()<\/code>\u548cvalues()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6240\u6709\u952e\u548c\u6240\u6709\u503c<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7dict.keys()<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6240\u6709\u952e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7dict.values()<\/code>\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001PYTHON\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u50a8\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u7b49\u3002\u521b\u5efa\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u82b1\u62ec\u53f7{}<\/code>\u6765\u5305\u542b\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7528\u5192\u53f7:<\/code>\u5206\u9694\uff0c\u591a\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7528\u9017\u53f7,<\/code>\u5206\u9694\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmy_dict = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}<\/code>\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u53d8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3001\u6574\u6570\u6216\u5143\u7ec4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u8981\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7[]<\/code>\u6765\u6307\u5b9a\u952e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982my_dict['name']<\/code>\u5c06\u8fd4\u56de'Alice'<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u952e\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u629b\u51faKeyError<\/code>\u5f02\u5e38\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528get()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982my_dict.get('name', 'Not Found')<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u66f4\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982my_dict['age'] = 26<\/code>\u5c06\u66f4\u65b0age<\/code>\u7684\u503c\u4e3a26<\/code>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8d4b\u503c\u8bed\u53e5\u5c06\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u904d\u5386\u5b57\u5178\u662fPython\u5b57\u5178\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u904d\u5386\u952e\u3001\u904d\u5386\u503c\u548c\u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u904d\u5386\u952e<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528keys()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6240\u6709\u952e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528for<\/code>\u5faa\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    for key in my_dict.keys():<\/p>\n
        print(key)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u904d\u5386\u503c<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528values()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u904d\u5386\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      for value in my_dict.values():<\/p>\n
          print(value)<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u904d\u5386\u952e\u503c\u5bf9<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528items()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6240\u6709\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\uff0citems()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u7684\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u5217\u8868\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        for key, value in my_dict.items():<\/p>\n
            print(f"Key: {key}, Value: {value}")<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u4e09\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        Python\u5b57\u5178\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          clear()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u6e05\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmy_dict.clear()<\/code>\u5c06\u6e05\u7a7a\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          copy()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6d45\u590d\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cnew_dict = my_dict.copy()<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          fromkeys()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u952e\u548c\u53ef\u9009\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5b57\u5178\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cnew_dict = dict.fromkeys(['name', 'age'], 'unknown')<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        4. \n
          pop()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u6307\u5b9a\u952e\u7684\u503c\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u8be5\u503c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f1a\u629b\u51faKeyError<\/code>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cvalue = my_dict.pop('name')<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        5. \n
          popitem()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5220\u9664\u5e76\u8fd4\u56de\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u5220\u9664\u7684\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0ckey, value = my_dict.popitem()<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        6. \n
          setdefault()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd4\u56de\u6307\u5b9a\u952e\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u952e\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5219\u63d2\u5165\u952e\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cvalue = my_dict.setdefault('name', 'unknown')<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        7. \n
          update()<\/code><\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u7684\u952e\u503c\u5bf9\u66f4\u65b0\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cmy_dict.update({'age': 30})<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u56db\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          Python\u5b57\u5178\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u573a\u666f\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u67e5\u8be2\u914d\u7f6e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u952e\u5feb\u901f\u8bbf\u95ee\u76f8\u5173\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u8ba1\u6570\u5668<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b57\u7b26\u6216\u5355\u8bcd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7collections<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684Counter<\/code>\u7c7b\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            \u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5c06\u7528\u6237ID\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          4. \n
            \u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f13\u5b58\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7684\u503c\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u4e94\u3001\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u4f18\u5316<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            Python\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u54c8\u5e0c\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u67e5\u627e\u901f\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e3aO(1)\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \n
              \u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81<\/strong>\uff1a\u5f53\u591a\u4e2a\u952e\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u67e5\u627e\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u54c8\u5e0c\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u54c8\u5e0c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            2. \n
              \u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\u5360\u7528\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u5b57\u5178\u8fc7\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u6ce8\u610f\u63a7\u5236\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            3. \n
              \u5b57\u5178\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b57\u5178\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u5185\u5b58\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u54c8\u5e0c\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e94\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5b57\u5178\u52a8\u6001\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f18\u5316\u5b57\u5178\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7b56\u7565\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n