{"id":988640,"date":"2024-12-27T08:04:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/988640.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:04:08","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:04:08","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bf%9d%e5%ad%98log%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/988640.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u5b58log\u4fe1\u606f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u4fdd\u5b58log\u4fe1\u606f\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5b58\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684logging\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u5199\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/strong>Python\u7684logging\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\uff08\u5982DEBUG\u3001INFO\u3001WARNING\u3001ERROR\u3001CRITICAL\uff09\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528logging\u6a21\u5757\u4fdd\u5b58\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528LOGGING\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u7684logging\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u8f93\u51fa\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u3002\u4f7f\u7528logging.getLogger(name)<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u6216\u83b7\u53d6\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import logging<\/p>\n
logger = logging.getLogger('example_logger')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u5305\u62ecDEBUG\u3001INFO\u3001WARNING\u3001ERROR\u548cCRITICAL\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u65e5\u5fd7\u683c\u5f0f\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528logging.Formatter<\/code>\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u6dfb\u52a0\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff08Handler\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3002\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5305\u62ecStreamHandler<\/code>\u548cFileHandler<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0<\/p>\n
console_handler = logging.StreamHandler()<\/p>\n
console_handler.setFormatter(formatter)<\/p>\n
logger.addHandler(console_handler)<\/p>\n
\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
file_handler = logging.FileHandler('example.log')<\/p>\n
file_handler.setFormatter(formatter)<\/p>\n
logger.addHandler(file_handler)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528logger.debug()<\/code>\u3001logger.info()<\/code>\u3001logger.warning()<\/code>\u3001logger.error()<\/code>\u548clogger.critical()<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
logger.debug('This is a debug message')<\/p>\n
logger.info('This is an info message')<\/p>\n
logger.warning('This is a warning message')<\/p>\n
logger.error('This is an error message')<\/p>\n
logger.critical('This is a critical message')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u6765\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u521b\u5efa\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u5982logging.conf<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u65e5\u5fd7\u914d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
[loggers]<\/p>\n
keys=root,example_logger<\/p>\n
[handlers]<\/p>\n
keys=consoleHandler,fileHandler<\/p>\n
[formatters]<\/p>\n
keys=exampleFormatter<\/p>\n
[logger_root]<\/p>\n
level=DEBUG<\/p>\n
handlers=consoleHandler<\/p>\n
[logger_example_logger]<\/p>\n
level=DEBUG<\/p>\n
handlers=consoleHandler,fileHandler<\/p>\n
qualname=example_logger<\/p>\n
propagate=0<\/p>\n
[handler_consoleHandler]<\/p>\n
class=StreamHandler<\/p>\n
level=DEBUG<\/p>\n
formatter=exampleFormatter<\/p>\n
args=(sys.stdout,)<\/p>\n
[handler_fileHandler]<\/p>\n
class=FileHandler<\/p>\n
level=DEBUG<\/p>\n
formatter=exampleFormatter<\/p>\n
args=('example.log', 'a')<\/p>\n
[formatter_exampleFormatter]<\/p>\n
format=%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528logging.config.fileConfig()<\/code>\u52a0\u8f7d\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import logging<\/p>\n
import logging.config<\/p>\n
logging.config.fileConfig('logging.conf')<\/p>\n
logger = logging.getLogger('example_logger')<\/p>\n
logger.info('This is an info message from the configured logger')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001LOGGING\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684logging\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u63d0\u9ad8\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6548\u679c\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8c03\u8bd5\u4fe1\u606f\u4f7f\u7528DEBUG\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u8fd0\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f7f\u7528INFO\uff0c\u8b66\u544a\u4fe1\u606f\u4f7f\u7528WARNING\uff0c\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u4f7f\u7528ERROR\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u9519\u8bef\u4f7f\u7528CRITICAL\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u907f\u514d\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u91cd\u590d<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u5668\u53ea\u914d\u7f6e\u4e00\u6b21\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u65e5\u5fd7\u6d88\u606f\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3001\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u65e5\u5fd7\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u548c\u6709\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
logger.info('Processing item %s in function %s', item_id, function_name)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4\u3001\u5b9a\u671f\u8f6e\u6362\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528logging.handlers<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684RotatingFileHandler<\/code>\u6216TimedRotatingFileHandler<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u671f\u8f6e\u6362\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u65e5\u5fd7\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler<\/p>\n
rotating_handler = RotatingFileHandler('example.log', maxBytes=1024*1024, backupCount=5)<\/p>\n
rotating_handler.setFormatter(formatter)<\/p>\n
logger.addHandler(rotating_handler)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5\u3001\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u6355\u83b7\u5f02\u5e38\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528logger.exception()<\/code>\u8bb0\u5f55\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5806\u6808\u8ddf\u8e2a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
try:<\/p>\n
    # code that may rAI<\/a>se an exception<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
except Exception as e:<\/p>\n
    logger.exception('An error occurred: %s', e)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684logging\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5982Loguru\u3001structlog\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001Loguru<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Loguru\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u6613\u7528\u7684API\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from loguru import logger<\/p>\n
logger.add("file.log", rotation="1 week", retention="10 days", compression="zip")<\/p>\n
logger.debug("This is a debug message")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001structlog<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
structlog\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u65e5\u5fd7\u5e93\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u8bb0\u5f55\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import structlog<\/p>\n
log = structlog.get_logger()<\/p>\n
log.msg("event", key="value", another_key=42)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u7528Python\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u53ef\u7ef4\u62a4\u6027\u548c\u8c03\u8bd5\u6548\u7387\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684logging\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\u7075\u6d3b\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb0\u5f55\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684logging<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u7ea7\u522b\u3001\u683c\u5f0f\u548c\u6587\u4ef6\u8f93\u51fa\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4fdd\u5b58\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528logging.basicConfig()<\/code>\u914d\u7f6e\u65e5\u5fd7\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528logging.info()<\/code>, logging.error()<\/code>\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0d\u540c\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u7684logging<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65e5\u5fd7\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001CSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u60a8\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u65e5\u5fd7\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e5\u5fd7\u8f6e\u8f6c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6587\u4ef6\u8fc7\u5927\uff1f<\/strong>
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