{"id":989843,"date":"2024-12-27T08:15:04","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/989843.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:15:06","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:15:06","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%89%93%e5%bc%80%e5%ad%98%e5%82%a8%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/989843.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5f00\u5b58\u50a8\u7684"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

\u8981\u5728Python\u4e2d\u6253\u5f00\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u5e93\uff08\u5982Pandas\u3001NumPy\u3001pickle\u7b49\uff09\u6216\u8005\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fde\u63a5\u5e93\uff08\u5982sqlite3\u3001SQLAlchemy\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3001JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u6216\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7b49\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u683c\u5f0f\uff0cCSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93\u5904\u7406CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7b80\u5355\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86Pandas\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install pandas<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6b65\u9aa4\u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pandas as pd<\/p>\n
\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a'data.csv'\u7684\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
df = pd.read_csv('data.csv')<\/p>\n
\u6253\u5370\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print(df.head())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
Pandas\u7684read_csv<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u5927\u90e8\u5206CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u683c\u5f0f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aDataFrame\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u548c\u5904\u7406\u3002DataFrame\u662fPandas\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u8868\u683c\u6216SQL\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u8fc7\u6ee4\u3001\u5206\u7ec4\u3001\u805a\u5408\u3001\u5408\u5e76\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdPython\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
1.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bfb\u53d6\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4ee5\u8bfb\u53d6\uff08'r'\uff09\u3001\u5199\u5165\uff08'w'\uff09\u3001\u8ffd\u52a0\uff08'a'\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6a21\u5f0f\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    content = file.read()<\/p>\n
    print(content)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4f7f\u7528open()<\/code>\u65f6\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528with<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6587\u4ef6\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u540e\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u6709\u65f6\u6587\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5168\u90e8\u8bfb\u53d6\u5230\u5185\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u9010\u884c\u8bfb\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
with open('example.txt', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    for line in file:<\/p>\n
        print(line.strip())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528strip()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u9664\u6bcf\u884c\u672b\u5c3e\u7684\u6362\u884c\u7b26\u548c\u7a7a\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u4f7f\u7528csv\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5185\u7f6e\u7684csv<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import csv<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6CSV\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('data.csv', newline='') as csvfile:<\/p>\n
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)<\/p>\n
    for row in reader:<\/p>\n
        print(', '.join(row))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u4f7f\u7528Pandas\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684read_csv()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0cPandas\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u7b5b\u9009\u51fa\u67d0\u5217\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u503c<\/p>\n
filtered_data = df[df['column_name'] == 'value']<\/p>\n
print(filtered_data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u6570\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
# \u8ba1\u7b97\u67d0\u5217\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c<\/p>\n
mean_value = df['column_name'].mean()<\/p>\n
print(f"\u5e73\u5747\u503c: {mean_value}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u4f7f\u7528json\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u5185\u7f6e\u7684json<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import json<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6JSON\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('data.json', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    data = json.load(file)<\/p>\n
    print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u89e3\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7684JSON\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u5d4c\u5957\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9012\u5f52\u6216\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def parse_json(data):<\/p>\n
    if isinstance(data, dict):<\/p>\n
        for key, value in data.items():<\/p>\n
            print(f"{key}:")<\/p>\n
            parse_json(value)<\/p>\n
    elif isinstance(data, list):<\/p>\n
        for item in data:<\/p>\n
            parse_json(item)<\/p>\n
    else:<\/p>\n
        print(data)<\/p>\n
with open('data.json', 'r') as file:<\/p>\n
    data = json.load(file)<\/p>\n
    parse_json(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
4.1 \u4f7f\u7528pickle\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
pickle<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u548c\u53cd\u5e8f\u5217\u5316Python\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pickle<\/p>\n
\u5199\u5165\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
data = {'key': 'value'}<\/p>\n
with open('data.pkl', 'wb') as file:<\/p>\n
    pickle.dump(data, file)<\/p>\n
\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with open('data.pkl', 'rb') as file:<\/p>\n
    data = pickle.load(file)<\/p>\n
    print(data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86pickle<\/code>\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u5176\u4ed6\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u5e93\uff0c\u5982cPickle<\/code>\uff08\u66f4\u5feb\u7684C\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09\u3001joblib<\/code>\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\uff09\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
5.1 \u4f7f\u7528sqlite3\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
sqlite3<\/code>\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u64cd\u4f5cSQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import sqlite3<\/p>\n
\u8fde\u63a5\u5230SQLite\u6570\u636e\u5e93<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')<\/p>\n
cursor = conn.cursor()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM table_name")<\/p>\n
rows = cursor.fetchall()<\/p>\n
\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for row in rows:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
conn.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5.2 \u4f7f\u7528SQLAlchemy\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
SQLAlchemy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684SQL\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u548c\u5bf9\u8c61\u5173\u7cfb\u6620\u5c04\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy import create_engine<\/p>\n
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5f15\u64ce<\/strong><\/h2>\n
engine = create_engine('sqlite:\/\/\/example.db')<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)<\/p>\n
session = Session()<\/p>\n
\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2<\/strong><\/h2>\n
result = session.execute("SELECT * FROM table_name")<\/p>\n
for row in result:<\/p>\n
    print(row)<\/p>\n
\u5173\u95ed\u4f1a\u8bdd<\/strong><\/h2>\n
session.close()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h2>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u683c\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u548cCSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528Python\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5982JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff08\u5982Pandas\u3001SQLAlchemy\u7b49\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6570\u636e\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6253\u5f00\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
Python\u652f\u6301\u591a\u79cd\u6587\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6253\u5f00\u548c\u8bfb\u53d6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\u3001CSV\u6587\u4ef6\u3001Excel\u6587\u4ef6\u7b49\u3002\u8981\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u672c\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u7684open()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5b9a\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982'r'\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u8bfb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8eCSV\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u501f\u52a9csv<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u800cExcel\u6587\u4ef6\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pandas<\/code>\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684read_excel()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u6253\u5f00\u65f6\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u8db3\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f7f\u7528try...except<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u6355\u83b7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6253\u5f00\u6587\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7FileNotFoundError<\/code>\u548cPermissionError<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
Python\u80fd\u5426\u6253\u5f00\u7f51\u7edc\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
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