{"id":992007,"date":"2024-12-27T08:33:43","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:33:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/992007.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:33:46","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:33:46","slug":"python-%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%8a%a0%e5%bf%ab%e9%81%8d%e5%8e%86%e9%80%9f%e5%ba%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/992007.html","title":{"rendered":"python \u5982\u4f55\u52a0\u5feb\u904d\u5386\u901f\u5ea6"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python<\/p>\n

Python\u52a0\u5feb\u904d\u5386\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0e\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93\u3002<\/strong>
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002Python\u7684\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u5982map<\/code>\u3001filter<\/code>\u3001reduce<\/code>\u548c\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u666e\u901aPython\u5faa\u73af\u8981\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u5904\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u907f\u514d\u4e86Python\u7684\u5b57\u8282\u7801\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684for\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u65b9\u8fd0\u7b97\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

# \u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edffor\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n
squares = []<\/p>\n
for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
    squares.append(i2)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n
squares = [i2 for i in range(10)]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bed\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4f18\u5316\u7684C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\n
\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u5efa\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u901a\u5e38\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684Python\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u5305\u62ecmap()<\/code>\u3001filter()<\/code>\u3001reduce()<\/code>\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u7b49\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u904d\u5386\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u6d01\u800c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u521b\u5efa\u5217\u8868\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684for\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ee3\u7801\u66f4\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u6267\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u4f20\u7edffor\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n
squares = []<\/p>\n
for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
    squares.append(i2)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790<\/strong><\/h2>\n
squares = [i2 for i in range(10)]<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. map()<\/code> \u548c filter()<\/code><\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
map()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5e94\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\uff0cfilter()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u53ef\u8fed\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u8fd4\u56de\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fed\u4ee3\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528map()\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u65b9<\/p>\n
squares = map(lambda x: x2, range(10))<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528filter()\u7b5b\u9009\u5076\u6570<\/strong><\/h2>\n
evens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, range(10))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0a\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u5408<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u68c0\u67e5\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528set<\/code>\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(1)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u5408\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u627e\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
my_set = set(my_list)<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5426\u5728\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if 3 in my_set:<\/p>\n
    print("Found")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u5b57\u5178\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u67e5\u8be2<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b57\u5178\u5728\u952e\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u4e0a\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aO(1)\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u67e5\u627e\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u662f\u4e2a\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u627e\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n
my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}<\/p>\n
\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u952e\u662f\u5426\u5728\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if 'a' in my_dict:<\/p>\n
    print("Key found")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u4e0e\u5217\u8868\u89e3\u6790\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u751f\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6bcf\u6b21\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u5185\u5b58\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u5668\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f<\/p>\n
squares = (i2 for i in range(10))<\/p>\n
\u9010\u4e2a\u83b7\u53d6\u751f\u6210\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
for square in squares:<\/p>\n
    print(square)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u3002Python\u7684concurrent.futures<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9002\u7528\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aPython\u7684GIL\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5728CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor<\/p>\n
def task(n):<\/p>\n
    # \u6a21\u62dfI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
    import time<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(n)<\/p>\n
    return n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:<\/p>\n
    results = executor.map(task, range(5))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u548cGIL\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from concurrent.futures import ProcessPoolExecutor<\/p>\n
def task(n):<\/p>\n
    return n * n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
with ProcessPoolExecutor(max_workers=5) as executor:<\/p>\n
    results = executor.map(task, range(5))<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u7b49\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e93<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
NumPy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684Python\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u6570\u7ec4\u548c\u77e9\u9635\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002NumPy\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u64cd\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u7528C\u8bed\u8a00\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import numpy as np<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aNumPy\u6570\u7ec4<\/strong><\/h2>\n
arr = np.arange(10)<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong><\/h2>\n
squares = arr  2<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528NumPy\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u5316\u64cd\u4f5c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u4f7f\u7528Python\u5faa\u73af\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aNumPy\u5728\u5e95\u5c42\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u4e86Python\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5f00\u9500\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Cython\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u52a0\u901f\u5de5\u5177<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Cython\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u4ee3\u7801\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aC\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Cython\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u9ad8\u6548\u7684C\u6269\u5c55\u4ee5\u52a0\u901fPython\u4ee3\u7801\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u4f7f\u7528Cython<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u7528Cython\u7f16\u5199\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# cython_example.pyx<\/p>\n
def square(int n):<\/p>\n
    cdef int i<\/p>\n
    cdef int result = 0<\/p>\n
    for i in range(n):<\/p>\n
        result += i * i<\/p>\n
    return result<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86Cython\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u52a0\u901fPython\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Numba\u548cPyPy\u3002Numba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u6570\u503c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff0c\u800cPyPy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aPython\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7JIT\u7f16\u8bd1\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8Python\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u904d\u5386\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u679c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7f13\u5b58\u6765\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u4f7f\u7528\u5b57\u5178\u7f13\u5b58\u7ed3\u679c<\/p>\n
cache = {}<\/p>\n
def expensive_function(x):<\/p>\n
    if x in cache:<\/p>\n
        return cache[x]<\/p>\n
    result = x * x  # \u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u6602\u8d35\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c<\/p>\n
    cache[x] = result<\/p>\n
    return result<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u63d0\u524d\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u73af<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u5728\u904d\u5386\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u524d\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u73af\u4ee5\u8282\u7701\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u63d0\u524d\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n
for i in range(10):<\/p>\n
    if i == 5:<\/p>\n
        break  # \u63d0\u524d\u9000\u51fa\u5faa\u73af<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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