{"id":992412,"date":"2024-12-27T08:37:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:37:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/992412.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:37:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:37:09","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%8e%a7%e5%88%b6%e7%94%b5%e6%9c%ba%e8%bd%ac%e5%8a%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/992412.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u8f6c\u52a8"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u8f6c\u52a8\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u8f6c\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528GPIO\u5e93\u3001PWM\u4fe1\u53f7\u63a7\u5236\u3001\u901a\u8fc7Arduino\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u5fae\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528GPIO\u5e93\u7ed3\u5408\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u8f83\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u548c\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u63a7\u5236\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\u673a\u8f6c\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001GPIO\u5e93\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u4e0a\u7684GPIO\uff08\u901a\u7528\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u5f15\u811a\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u52a8\u3002\u901a\u8fc7Python\u7684RPi.GPIO\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f15\u811a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    \u5b89\u88c5RPi.GPIO\u5e93<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fddRPi.GPIO\u5e93\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5\u5728\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    sudo apt-get update<\/p>\n
    sudo apt-get install python3-rpi.gpio<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u8fde\u63a5\u7535\u673a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    \u8fde\u63a5\u7535\u673a\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982L298N\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u7535\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7535\u673a\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7535\u6d41\u548c\u7535\u538b\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u62a4GPIO\u5f15\u811a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \u5c06\u7535\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230L298N\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5f15\u811a\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5c06L298N\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5f15\u811a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u7684GPIO\u5f15\u811a\u3002<\/li>\n
    • \u5c06\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u7535\u6e90\u5f15\u811a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u7535\u6e90\uff08\u59825V\u621612V\u7535\u6e90\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u7535\u673a\u89c4\u683c\uff09\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \u7f16\u5199Python\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u4f7f\u7528Python\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ee3\u7801\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      import RPi.GPIO as GPIO<\/p>\n
      import time<\/p>\n
      \u8bbe\u7f6eGPIO\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)<\/p>\n
      \u5b9a\u4e49\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u5f15\u811a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      MotorPin1 = 17<\/p>\n
      MotorPin2 = 18<\/p>\n
      \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
      GPIO.setup(MotorPin1, GPIO.OUT)<\/p>\n
      GPIO.setup(MotorPin2, GPIO.OUT)<\/p>\n
      def motor_forward():<\/p>\n
          GPIO.output(MotorPin1, GPIO.HIGH)<\/p>\n
          GPIO.output(MotorPin2, GPIO.LOW)<\/p>\n
      def motor_backward():<\/p>\n
          GPIO.output(MotorPin1, GPIO.LOW)<\/p>\n
          GPIO.output(MotorPin2, GPIO.HIGH)<\/p>\n
      def motor_stop():<\/p>\n
          GPIO.output(MotorPin1, GPIO.LOW)<\/p>\n
          GPIO.output(MotorPin2, GPIO.LOW)<\/p>\n
      try:<\/p>\n
          while True:<\/p>\n
              motor_forward()<\/p>\n
              time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
              motor_backward()<\/p>\n
              time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
              motor_stop()<\/p>\n
              time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
      except KeyboardInterrupt:<\/p>\n
          GPIO.cleanup()<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0cmotor_forward<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u6b63\u8f6c\uff0cmotor_backward<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u8f6c\uff0c\u800cmotor_stop<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u7528\u4e8e\u505c\u6b62\u7535\u673a\u3002\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u7535\u673a\u5c06\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6b63\u8f6c\u3001\u53cd\u8f6c\u3001\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u7528\u6237\u4e2d\u65ad\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e8c\u3001PWM\u4fe1\u53f7\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      PWM\uff08\u8109\u5bbd\u8c03\u5236\uff09\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u8f6c\u901f\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282PWM\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u8bbe\u7f6ePWM<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728RPi.GPIO\u5e93\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7GPIO.PWM<\/code>\u7c7b\u6765\u751f\u6210PWM\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        import RPi.GPIO as GPIO<\/p>\n
        import time<\/p>\n
        \u8bbe\u7f6eGPIO\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)<\/p>\n
        \u5b9a\u4e49\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u5f15\u811a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        MotorPin = 17<\/p>\n
        \u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f15\u811a\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        GPIO.setup(MotorPin, GPIO.OUT)<\/p>\n
        \u8bbe\u7f6ePWM\u9891\u7387\u4e3a1kHz<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        pwm = GPIO.PWM(MotorPin, 1000)<\/p>\n
        \u542f\u52a8PWM\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\u4e3a0<\/strong><\/h2>\n
        pwm.start(0)<\/p>\n
        try:<\/p>\n
            while True:<\/p>\n
                # \u589e\u52a0\u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\uff0c\u7535\u673a\u52a0\u901f<\/p>\n
                for dc in range(0, 101, 5):<\/p>\n
                    pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(dc)<\/p>\n
                    time.sleep(0.1)<\/p>\n
                # \u51cf\u5c0f\u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\uff0c\u7535\u673a\u51cf\u901f<\/p>\n
                for dc in range(100, -1, -5):<\/p>\n
                    pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(dc)<\/p>\n
                    time.sleep(0.1)<\/p>\n
        except KeyboardInterrupt:<\/p>\n
            pwm.stop()<\/p>\n
            GPIO.cleanup()<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7pwm.ChangeDutyCycle(dc)<\/code>\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u901f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u4e09\u3001\u901a\u8fc7Arduino\u63a7\u5236<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        Python\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e32\u53e3\u4e0eArduino\u901a\u4fe1\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u3002Arduino\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u677f\u8f7d\u7684PWM\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          Arduino\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728Arduino\u7aef\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5982\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          const int MotorPin = 9; \/\/ \u7535\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u6570\u5b579\u5f15\u811a<\/p>\n
          void setup() {<\/p>\n
              pinMode(MotorPin, OUTPUT);<\/p>\n
          }<\/p>\n
          void loop() {<\/p>\n
              analogWrite(MotorPin, 255); \/\/ \u6700\u5927\u901f\u5ea6<\/p>\n
              delay(5000);<\/p>\n
              analogWrite(MotorPin, 0);   \/\/ \u505c\u6b62<\/p>\n
              delay(5000);<\/p>\n
          }<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u673a\u8fde\u63a5\u5230Arduino\u7684\u6570\u5b579\u5f15\u811a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7analogWrite<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u8f6c\u901f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          Python\u7aef\u4ee3\u7801<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          Python\u7aef\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528pySerial<\/code>\u5e93\u4e0eArduino\u901a\u4fe1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import serial<\/p>\n
          import time<\/p>\n
          \u6253\u5f00\u4e32\u53e3<\/strong><\/h2>\n
          ser = serial.Serial('\/dev\/ttyACM0', 9600)<\/p>\n
          try:<\/p>\n
              while True:<\/p>\n
                  ser.write(b'1')  # \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
                  time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
                  ser.write(b'0')  # \u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n
                  time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
          except KeyboardInterrupt:<\/p>\n
              ser.close()<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cPython\u901a\u8fc7\u4e32\u53e3\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u7ed9Arduino\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u5f00\u542f\u548c\u5173\u95ed\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          Python\u901a\u8fc7GPIO\u5e93\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u662f\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u7b49\u5355\u677f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff1b\u800cPWM\u4fe1\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u901f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Arduino\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u7535\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u7535\u8def\u6b63\u786e\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u635f\u574f\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u7535\u673a\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Python\u8fdb\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u7f16\u7a0b\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u7535\u673a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
           \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u8981\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7535\u673a\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7684\u5f15\u811a\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528GPIO\u5e93\uff08\u5982RPi.GPIO\u6216gpiozero\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u63a7\u5236\u6811\u8393\u6d3e\u7b49\u5355\u677f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u7684\u7535\u673a\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u811a\u8bbe\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7535\u5e73\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u4e3a\u4f4e\u7535\u5e73\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u987a\u65f6\u9488\u6216\u9006\u65f6\u9488\u7684\u8f6c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5728Python\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7535\u673a\u8f6c\u52a8\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff1f<\/strong>
          \u7535\u673a\u7684\u8f6c\u901f\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7PWM\uff08\u8109\u5bbd\u8c03\u5236\uff09\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684GPIO\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aPWM\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u6574\u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u7535\u673a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u7535\u673a\u8f6c\u901f\u8d8a\u5feb\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u5360\u7a7a\u6bd4\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u7535\u673a\u8f6c\u901f\u8d8a\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n
          \u5982\u4f55\u786e\u4fdd\u7535\u673a\u5728Python\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f<\/strong>
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