{"id":994851,"date":"2024-12-27T08:59:04","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:59:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/994851.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T08:59:07","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T00:59:07","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8python%e7%9a%84api","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/994851.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u7684api"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528python\u7684api\"<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684API\u6d89\u53ca\u51e0\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684API\u5e93\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u8c03\u7528API\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u5904\u7406API\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684API\u5e93\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002Python\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u5982requests<\/code>\u3001Flask<\/code>\u3001Django REST framework<\/code>\u7b49\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684API\u5e93<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u5e93\u6765\u8fdb\u884cAPI\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6210\u529f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Requests\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570RESTful API\u3002requests<\/code>\u5e93\u652f\u6301GET\u3001POST\u3001PUT\u3001DELETE\u7b49\u5e38\u7528HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8bed\u6cd5\u7b80\u6d01\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u548c\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Flask\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u9700\u8981\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2aAPI\u670d\u52a1\u5668\uff0cFlask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5c0f\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u63d2\u4ef6\u517c\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Django REST framework<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684API\u670d\u52a1\uff0cDjango REST framework\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3001\u6027\u80fd\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u4e2d\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u9879\u76ee\u89c4\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7684\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u5b89\u88c5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e93<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684API\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      \u5b89\u88c5Requests\u5e93<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5requests\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      pip install requests<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u5e76\u5b89\u88c5\u6700\u65b0\u7248\u672c\u7684requests\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u5b89\u88c5Flask\u6846\u67b6<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u88c5Flask\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pip install Flask<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      Flask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684Web\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1API\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    3. \n
      \u5b89\u88c5Django REST framework<\/strong>\uff1a\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Django\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b89\u88c5Django REST framework\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      pip install django<\/p>\n
      pip install djangorestframework<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \u8fd9\u5c06\u4f1a\u5b89\u88c5Django\u53ca\u5176REST\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1RESTful API\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/p>\n
      \u8bb8\u591aAPI\u9700\u8981\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        API\u5bc6\u94a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u6709\u4e9bAPI\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528API\u5bc6\u94a5\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4e2d\u5305\u542bAuthorization<\/code>\u5b57\u6bb5\u5373\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        OAuth\u534f\u8bae<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u9ad8\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684API\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528OAuth\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5148\u83b7\u53d6\u8bbf\u95ee\u4ee4\u724c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u4ee4\u724c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      3. \n
        JWT\uff08JSON Web Tokens\uff09<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002JWT\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee4\u724c\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u59a5\u5584\u5904\u7406\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u6cc4\u9732\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u56db\u3001\u8c03\u7528API\u65b9\u6cd5<\/p>\n
        \u8c03\u7528API\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          GET\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2aAPI\u83b7\u53d6\u6570\u636e\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import requests<\/p>\n
          response = requests.get('https:\/\/api.example.com\/data')<\/p>\n
          data = response.json()<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u5411\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u53d1\u9001\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          import requests<\/p>\n
          payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
          response = requests.post('https:\/\/api.example.com\/post', data=payload)<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        3. \n
          PUT\u548cDELETE\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u7528\u4e8e\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u5220\u9664\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eGET\u548cPOST\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u66f4\u6539HTTP\u65b9\u6cd5\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          \u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406API\u54cd\u5e94<\/p>\n
          \u6b63\u786e\u5904\u7406API\u54cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u68c0\u67e5\u54cd\u5e94\u72b6\u6001\u7801<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u65f6\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5e94\u68c0\u67e5HTTP\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u3002\u72b6\u6001\u7801200\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u800c4xx\u548c5xx\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7801\u8868\u793a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u5e38API\u4f1a\u8fd4\u56deJSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528response.json()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u54cd\u5e94\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aPython\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          3. \n
            \u9519\u8bef\u5904\u7406<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u5f02\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u5e38\u8fdb\u884c\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5065\u58ee\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u516d\u3001\u4f7f\u7528Python\u6784\u5efaAPI\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n
            \u9664\u4e86\u8c03\u7528\u5916\u90e8API\uff0cPython\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efaAPI\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \n
              \u4f7f\u7528Flask\u6784\u5efa\u7b80\u5355API<\/strong>\uff1aFlask\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u6784\u5efa\u5c0f\u578bAPI\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684Flask API\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              from flask import Flask, jsonify, request<\/p>\n
              app = Flask(__name__)<\/p>\n
              @app.route('\/api\/data', methods=['GET'])<\/p>\n
              def get_data():<\/p>\n
                  return jsonify({'data': 'Hello, World!'})<\/p>\n
              if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
                  app.run(debug=True)<\/p>\n
              <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            2. \n
              \u4f7f\u7528Django REST framework\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742API<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684API\u670d\u52a1\uff0cDjango REST framework\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5e8f\u5217\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            3. \n
              \u6269\u5c55API\u529f\u80fd<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f7f\u7528Flask\u8fd8\u662fDjango REST framework\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e2d\u95f4\u4ef6\u3001\u63d2\u4ef6\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6269\u5c55API\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u4e03\u3001\u4f18\u5316API\u6027\u80fd<\/p>\n
              API\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                \n
              1. \n
                \u7f13\u5b58<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7aef\u6216\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u5b9e\u73b0\u7f13\u5b58\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684API\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              2. \n
                \u6279\u91cf\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u591a\u6b21\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6279\u91cf\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u51cf\u5c11\u8bf7\u6c42\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
              3. \n
                \u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5ba2\u6237\u7aef\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                \u516b\u3001\u786e\u4fddAPI\u5b89\u5168<\/p>\n
                API\u5b89\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u786e\u4fddAPI\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u6570\u636e\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                  \n
                1. \n
                  \u4f7f\u7528HTTPS<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7HTTPS\u4f20\u8f93\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u4e2d\u95f4\u4eba\u653b\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                2. \n
                  \u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u548c\u6388\u6743<\/strong>\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u53ea\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8eab\u4efd\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u7528\u6237\u624d\u80fd\u8bbf\u95eeAPI\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u89d2\u8272\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u9650\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
                3. \n
                  \u8f93\u5165\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/strong>\uff1a\u5bf9API\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u9632\u6b62SQL\u6ce8\u5165\u3001XSS\u653b\u51fb\u7b49\u5b89\u5168\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \u4e5d\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5API<\/p>\n
                  API\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
                    \n
                  1. \n
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                  3. \n
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