{"id":995448,"date":"2024-12-27T09:04:55","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/995448.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:04:58","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:04:58","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e6%9f%a5%e7%9c%8bpost%e7%88%ac%e8%99%abpython","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/995448.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bpost\u722c\u866bpython"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u67e5\u770bpost\u722c\u866bpython\"<\/p>\n

\u8981\u67e5\u770bPost\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u722c\u866bPython\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u5982requests\u3001BeautifulSoup\u3001Scrapy\u7b49\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u9001Post\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u3001\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\u7b49\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u722c\u866b\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528REQUESTS\u5e93\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Requests\u5e93\u662fPython\u4e2d\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u9001Post\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Requests\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u547d\u4ee4\u6765\u5b89\u88c5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

pip install requests<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u53d1\u9001Post\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import requests<\/p>\n
url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
headers = {'Content-Type': 'application\/x-www-form-urlencoded'}<\/p>\n
response = requests.post(url, data=payload, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
print(response.text)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5c06url<\/code>\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684URL\uff0cpayload<\/code>\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u9001\u7684Post\u6570\u636e\uff0cheaders<\/code>\u4e3a\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7response.text<\/code>\u67e5\u770b\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u83b7\u53d6\u54cd\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662fJSON\u683c\u5f0f\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528response.json()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
json_data = response.json()<\/p>\n
print(json_data)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u662fHTML\u9875\u9762\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528BEAUTIFULSOUP\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u6790HTML\u548cXML\u7684Python\u5e93\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63d0\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5BeautifulSoup\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install beautifulsoup4<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u89e3\u6790HTML\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup<\/p>\n
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')<\/p>\n
\u63d0\u53d6\u7279\u5b9a\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/h2>\n
title = soup.find('title').text<\/p>\n
print(title)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7find<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u9875\u9762\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u60a8\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u6807\u9898\u3001\u6bb5\u843d\u3001\u94fe\u63a5\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528SCRAPY\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cScrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u6d41\u884c\u7684Python\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u722c\u866b\u9879\u76ee\u3002Scrapy\u4e0d\u4ec5\u652f\u6301\u53d1\u9001Post\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u5904\u7406Cookie\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5Scrapy\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install scrapy<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b89\u88c5\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Scrapy\u521b\u5efa\u9879\u76ee\u5e76\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
scrapy startproject myproject<\/p>\n
cd myproject<\/p>\n
scrapy genspider myspider example.com<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u751f\u6210\u7684spider\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7f16\u5199\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u903b\u8f91\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import scrapy<\/p>\n
class MySpider(scrapy.Spider):<\/p>\n
    name = 'myspider'<\/p>\n
    start_urls = ['https:\/\/example.com']<\/p>\n
    def start_requests(self):<\/p>\n
        url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/api'<\/p>\n
        payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}<\/p>\n
        yield scrapy.FormRequest(url, formdata=payload, callback=self.parse)<\/p>\n
    def parse(self, response):<\/p>\n
        title = response.xpath('\/\/title\/text()').get()<\/p>\n
        self.log(f'Title: {title}')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
Scrapy\u4e2d\u7684FormRequest<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001Post\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0ccallback<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6307\u5b9a\u89e3\u6790\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u56de\u8c03\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u60c5\u51b5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u9700\u8981\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u8bdd\u3001Cookies\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u51b5\u3002Requests\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86Session<\/code>\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u8bf7\u6c42\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
session = requests.Session()<\/p>\n
response = session.post(url, data=payload, headers=headers)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7Session\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5904\u7406\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u4fdd\u6301\u4f1a\u8bdd\u7b49\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u722c\u866b\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u5e38\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u8003\u8651<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u722c\u866b\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\uff0c\u52a1\u5fc5\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u534f\u8bae\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u60a8\u7684\u722c\u866b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u9020\u6210\u8d1f\u62c5\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u672a\u6388\u6743\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6293\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u603b\u7ed3\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528Requests\u3001BeautifulSoup\u548cScrapy\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9Post\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u722c\u866b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u5404\u5177\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u9075\u5faa\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u95f4\u53d6\u5f97\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u7528Python\u67e5\u770bPOST\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u67e5\u770b\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5df2\u5b89\u88c5requests<\/code>\u5e93\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u5e76\u6253\u5370\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a<\/p>\n
import requests\n\nurl = 'https:\/\/example.com\/api'\ndata = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}\nresponse = requests.post(url, data=data)\n\nprint(response.text)  # \u6253\u5370\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u4ea4\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n
\u80fd\u5426\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5f53\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u50cfScrapy<\/code>\u548cBeautifulSoup<\/code>\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5728Scrapy\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728start_requests<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528FormRequest<\/code>\u6765\u53d1\u9001POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
import scrapy\n\nclass MySpider(scrapy.Spider):\n    name = 'myspider'\n\n    def start_requests(self):\n        url = 'https:\/\/example.com\/api'\n        yield scrapy.FormRequest(url, formdata={'key1': 'value1'}, callback=self.parse)\n\n    def parse(self, response):\n        self.log(response.text)  # \u5904\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u5185\u5bb9\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u8bd5\u548c\u67e5\u770b\u53d1\u9001\u7684POST\u8bf7\u6c42\uff1f<\/strong>
\u8c03\u8bd5POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528Postman<\/code>\u6216Fiddler<\/code>\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u67e5\u770b\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8ePython\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528print<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6216\u65e5\u5fd7\u8bb0\u5f55\u6765\u8f93\u51fa\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5904\u7406POST\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f7f\u7528requests<\/code>\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6ejson<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u53d1\u9001JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
import requests\nimport json\n\nurl = 'https:\/\/example.com\/api'\ndata = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}\nresponse = requests.post(url, json=data)\n\nprint(response.json())  # \u6253\u5370\u8fd4\u56de\u7684JSON\u6570\u636e\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u4ee5JSON\u683c\u5f0f\u6b63\u786e\u53d1\u9001\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u54cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u80fd\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u89e3\u6790\u4e3aPython\u5b57\u5178\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u8981\u67e5\u770bPost\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684\u722c\u866bPython\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e93\u5982requests\u3001BeautifulSoup\u3001Scra […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":995453,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/995448"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=995448"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/995448\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":995456,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/995448\/revisions\/995456"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/995453"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=995448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=995448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=995448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}