{"id":995794,"date":"2024-12-27T09:07:50","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:07:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/995794.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:07:52","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:07:52","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%af%bc%e5%85%a5%e6%96%87%e4%bb%b6%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/995794.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5bfc\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\"<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u3001execfile\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u5728Python 2\u4e2d\uff09\u4ee5\u53caexec\u548copen\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528import\u8bed\u53e5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u6765\u8bbf\u95ee\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u4ec5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u548c\u6280\u5de7\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001IMPORT\u8bed\u53e5\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u662fPython\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6my_module.py<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bfc\u5165\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import my_module<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. \n
    \u5bfc\u5165\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>
    \u5f53\u4f60\u5bfc\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0cPython\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9876\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u5373\u672a\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u7c7b\u5c01\u88c5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u53d8\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u88ab\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5e76\u53ef\u4f9b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import my_module<\/p>\n
    result = my_module.some_function()<\/p>\n
    print(result)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  2. \n
    \u6a21\u5757\u7684\u91cd\u8f7d<\/strong>
    \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5b83\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528importlib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684reload<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    import importlib<\/p>\n
    import my_module<\/p>\n
    importlib.reload(my_module)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  3. \n
    \u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>
    \u786e\u4fddPython\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u653e\u5728\u4f60\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u76ee\u5f55\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u5728PYTHONPATH<\/code>\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    \u4e8c\u3001FROM…IMPORT\u8bed\u53e5<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from...import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u5141\u8bb8\u4f60\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u6216\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
    from my_module import some_function<\/p>\n
    result = some_function()<\/p>\n
    print(result)<\/p>\n
    <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \n
      \u5bfc\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61<\/strong>
      \u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5bfc\u5165\u591a\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u7528\u9017\u53f7\u5206\u9694\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from my_module import function_one, function_two<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    2. \n
      \u522b\u540d\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong>
      \u5982\u679c\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u4e0e\u5df2\u6709\u540d\u79f0\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f60\u60f3\u7b80\u5316\u540d\u79f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      from my_module import some_function as sf<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u4e09\u3001USING EXECFILE\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8ePython 2\uff09<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      \u5728Python 2\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528execfile<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0cPython 3\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u79fb\u9664\u4e86\u6b64\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
      execfile('my_script.py')<\/p>\n
      <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \n
        \u6267\u884c\u73af\u5883<\/strong>
        execfile<\/code>\u4f1a\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u4f1a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      2. \n
        \u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/strong>
        \u7531\u4e8eexecfile<\/code>\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728Python 3\u4e2d\u88ab\u5f03\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u56db\u3001USING EXEC AND OPEN\uff08\u9002\u7528\u4e8ePython 3\uff09<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        \u5728Python 3\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408exec<\/code>\u548copen<\/code>\u6765\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
        with open('my_script.py') as file:<\/p>\n
            exec(file.read())<\/p>\n
        <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \n
        1. \n
          \u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>
          exec<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684Python\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7ed3\u5408open<\/code>\u8bfb\u53d6\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3cexecfile<\/code>\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        2. \n
          \u63a7\u5236\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4<\/strong>
          \u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9bglobals<\/code>\u548clocals<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9694\u79bb\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
          with open('my_script.py') as file:<\/p>\n
              exec(file.read(), globals(), locals())<\/p>\n
          <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
          \u4e94\u3001USING IMPORTLIB<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
          importlib<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u5bfc\u5165\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u52a8\u6001\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            \n
          1. \n
            \u52a8\u6001\u5bfc\u5165<\/strong>
            \u901a\u8fc7importlib.import_module<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            import importlib<\/p>\n
            my_module = importlib.import_module('my_module')<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
          2. \n
            \u91cd\u8f7d\u6a21\u5757<\/strong>
            importlib.reload<\/code>\u5141\u8bb8\u91cd\u65b0\u52a0\u8f7d\u5df2\u5bfc\u5165\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
            importlib.reload(my_module)<\/p>\n
            <\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
            \u516d\u3001\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \n
            1. \n
              \u907f\u514d\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81<\/strong>
              \u4f7f\u7528\u5bfc\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u547d\u540d\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u540d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u522b\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            2. \n
              \u6027\u80fd\u8003\u8651<\/strong>
              \u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u9500\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5927\u578b\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u9876\u90e8\u7edf\u4e00\u5bfc\u5165\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u5bfc\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            3. \n
              \u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>
              \u590d\u6742\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u5757\u8def\u5f84\u7ba1\u7406\u5c24\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u548c\u5305\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982pipenv\u3001virtualenv\uff09\u6765\u7b80\u5316\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
            4. \n
              \u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/strong>
              \u6267\u884c\u4efb\u610f\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ee3\u7801\uff08\u5982exec<\/code>\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e94\u8c28\u614e\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u63a8\u8350\u4f7f\u7528import<\/code>\u673a\u5236\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u5757\u5b89\u5168\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
              \u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6587\u4ef6\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u53ef\u8bfb\u6027\u3001\u6548\u7387\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
              \u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
               \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5bfc\u5165\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\uff1f<\/strong>
              \u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528import<\/code>\u8bed\u53e5\u6765\u5bfc\u5165\u5916\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\uff08\u6a21\u5757\uff09\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u53ea\u9700\u786e\u4fdd\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684Python\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u6269\u5c55\u540d\u4e3a.py<\/code>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528import module_name<\/code>\u6765\u5bfc\u5165\u540d\u4e3amodule_name.py<\/code>\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5bfc\u5165\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5757\u540d\u8bbf\u95ee\u5176\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u548c\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n
              Python\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff1f<\/strong>
              \u5728\u5bfc\u5165\u6a21\u5757\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u5757\u6587\u4ef6\u4f4d\u4e8ePython\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528sys.path<\/code>\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6587\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5728\u641c\u7d22\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6dfb\u52a0\u8def\u5f84\u5230sys.path<\/code>\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u5728\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u9876\u7ea7\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u8be5\u6a21\u5757\u88ab\u76f4\u63a5\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528if __name__ == "__mAI<\/a>n__":<\/code>\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
              \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u52a8\u6001\u5bfc\u5165Python\u6587\u4ef6\uff1f<\/strong>
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