{"id":996001,"date":"2024-12-27T09:09:38","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:09:38","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:09:40","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:09:40","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%90%8c%e6%97%b6%e5%a4%84%e7%90%86%e6%95%b0%e6%8d%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/996001.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u5982\u4f55\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u5982\u4f55\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\"<\/p>\n

Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9002\u7528\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9002\u7528\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8ePython\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff08threading\uff09\u548c\u591a\u5904\u7406\uff08multiprocessing\uff09\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u800c\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u5219\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8easyncio\u5e93\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u6bcf\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6765\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\u8bfb\u5199\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u52a3\u52bf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u5c24\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7531\u4e8eGIL\uff08\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff09\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0cPython\u4e2d\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6838\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u9700\u8981\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86threading\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import threading<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def worker(num):<\/p>\n
    """\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570"""<\/p>\n
    print(f"Thread {num} is running")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(2)<\/p>\n
    print(f"Thread {num} is done")<\/p>\n
threads = []<\/p>\n
for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
    thread = threading.Thread(target=worker, args=(i,))<\/p>\n
    threads.append(thread)<\/p>\n
    thread.start()<\/p>\n
for thread in threads:<\/p>\n
    thread.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e865\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6267\u884cworker\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528threading.Thread\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u5e76\u884c\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0e\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u6838\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u52a3\u52bf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u52a0\u901fCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u9ad8\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86multiprocessing\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Process<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
def worker(num):<\/p>\n
    """\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570"""<\/p>\n
    print(f"Process {num} (PID: {os.getpid()}) is running")<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(2)<\/p>\n
    print(f"Process {num} (PID: {os.getpid()}) is done")<\/p>\n
processes = []<\/p>\n
for i in range(5):<\/p>\n
    process = Process(target=worker, args=(i,))<\/p>\n
    processes.append(process)<\/p>\n
    process.start()<\/p>\n
for process in processes:<\/p>\n
    process.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u4e865\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6267\u884cworker\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing.Process\u7c7b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u542f\u52a8\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1\u7684I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u548c\u52a3\u52bf<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u50cf\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90a3\u6837\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u52a3\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u7406\u89e3\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u534f\u7a0b\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86asyncio\u5e93\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
async def worker(num):<\/p>\n
    """\u5f02\u6b65\u5de5\u4f5c\u51fd\u6570"""<\/p>\n
    print(f"Worker {num} is running")<\/p>\n
    awAI<\/a>t asyncio.sleep(2)<\/p>\n
    print(f"Worker {num} is done")<\/p>\n
async def main():<\/p>\n
    tasks = [worker(i) for i in range(5)]<\/p>\n
    await asyncio.gather(*tasks)<\/p>\n
asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570worker\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528asyncio.run\u51fd\u6570\u542f\u52a8\u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528await\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u7b49\u5f85\u5f02\u6b65\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1\u3001I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u6216\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49\u5f85I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e0d\u521b\u5efa\u5927\u91cf\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u5e76\u53d1I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2\u3001CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u5f00\u9500\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u7a0b\u95f4\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u540c\u65f6\u6d89\u53caI\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\u548cCPU\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3001\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5904\u7406I\/O\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5904\u7406CPU\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u534f\u7a0b\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406I\/O\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f18\u5316Python\u5e76\u53d1\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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1\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5207\u6362<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
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