{"id":997116,"date":"2024-12-27T09:21:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:21:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/997116.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:21:14","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:21:14","slug":"python%e7%bd%91%e7%ab%99%e7%88%ac%e8%99%ab%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bc%96%e5%86%99","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/997116.html","title":{"rendered":"Python\u7f51\u7ad9\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Python\u7f51\u7ad9\u722c\u866b\u5982\u4f55\u7f16\u5199\"<\/p>\n

\u7f16\u5199Python\u7f51\u7ad9\u722c\u866b\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u3001\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3001\u9075\u5faa\u722c\u866b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u3002<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u5173\u952e\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u722c\u866b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6613\u7528\u6027\u3002Python\u4e2d\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u722c\u866b\u5e93\u6709BeautifulSoup\u3001Scrapy\u548cRequests\u7b49\u3002BeautifulSoup\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u7b80\u5355\u7684HTML\u89e3\u6790\uff0cScrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u722c\u53d6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u800cRequests\u5219\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728\u7f16\u5199Python\u7f51\u7ad9\u722c\u866b\u65f6\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5e93\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u9875\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    BeautifulSoup<\/strong>
    BeautifulSoup\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5e93\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u4eceHTML\u548cXML\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u7684API\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u6863\u5bfc\u822a\u3001\u67e5\u627e\u548c\u4fee\u6539\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002BeautifulSoup\u9002\u5408\u65b0\u624b\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u89e3\u6790\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eRequests\u5e93\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0cRequests\u8d1f\u8d23\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\uff0cBeautifulSoup\u8d1f\u8d23\u89e3\u6790\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    Scrapy<\/strong>
    Scrapy\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684Python\u722c\u866b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u722c\u53d6\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e0eBeautifulSoup\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cScrapy\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u722c\u866b\u6784\u5efa\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7ba1\u9053\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u7684\u722c\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7ba1\u7406\u3001\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u8c03\u8bd5\u652f\u6301\u7b49\u3002Scrapy\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u5ff5\u662f\u201c\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u201d\uff0c\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u722c\u53d6\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    Requests<\/strong>
    Requests\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6613\u7528\u7684HTTP\u5e93\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0eBeautifulSoup\u6216lxml\u7b49\u89e3\u6790\u5e93\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\u3002Requests\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4fbf\u6377\u7684API\u6765\u5904\u7406HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0e\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

    \u5728\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u5e03\u5c40\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      \u5206\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>
      \u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\uff08\u5982Chrome\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5de5\u5177\uff09\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u7f51\u9875\u7684HTML\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u68c0\u67e5\u201d\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u7f51\u9875\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u7684HTML\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u9875\u9762\u7684DOM\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u6807\u7b7e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      \u8bc6\u522b\u6570\u636e\u52a0\u8f7d\u65b9\u5f0f<\/strong>
      \u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u4f7f\u7528JavaScript\u52a8\u6001\u52a0\u8f7d\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u5d4c\u5165\u5728HTML\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7JavaScript\u4ece\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8bf7\u6c42\u540e\u518d\u52a0\u8f7d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u76d1\u63a7\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u67e5\u770b\u6570\u636e\u8bf7\u6c42\u7684URL\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u683c\u5f0f\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6570\u636e\u683c\u5f0f\u5305\u62ecJSON\u548cXML\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      \u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d<\/strong>
      \u8bb8\u591a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5206\u9875\u663e\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u722c\u866b\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5206\u9875\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u7ad9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u52a0\u8f7d\u6280\u672f\uff08\u5982AJAX\uff09\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u83b7\u53d6\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u4e09\u3001\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

      \u5728\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u7f51\u7ad9\u7ed3\u6784\u540e\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u3002\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ece\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u5230\u89e3\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        \u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42<\/strong>
        \u4f7f\u7528Requests\u5e93\u6216Scrapy\u7684\u5185\u7f6e\u529f\u80fd\u53d1\u9001HTTP\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u9001\u8bf7\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5982User-Agent\uff09\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u76ee\u6807\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u53cd\u722c\u673a\u5236\u62e6\u622a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        \u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong>
        \u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u6216Scrapy\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5668\uff08\u5982XPath\u6216CSS\u9009\u62e9\u5668\uff09\u89e3\u6790\u7f51\u9875\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528BeautifulSoup\u7684find<\/code>\u6216select<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u67e5\u627e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u7b7e\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      3. \n

        \u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e<\/strong>
        \u5728\u89e3\u6790\u51fa\u6570\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u683c\u5f0f\u8f6c\u6362\u3001\u53bb\u91cd\u3001\u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u7b49\u3002\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5206\u6790\u505a\u597d\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      4. \n

        \u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/strong>
        \u5c06\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u6587\u4ef6\uff08CSV\u3001JSON\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08MySQL\u3001MongoDB\u7b49\uff09\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u63a7\u5236\u53f0\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u9891\u7387\u548c\u540e\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u56db\u3001\u5904\u7406\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

        \u722c\u866b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5bf9\u63d0\u53d6\u5230\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \n

          \u6570\u636e\u6e05\u6d17\u4e0e\u683c\u5f0f\u5316<\/strong>
          \u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6e05\u6d17\u548c\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u3002\u6e05\u6d17\u6570\u636e\u5305\u62ec\u53bb\u9664\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5904\u7406\u7f3a\u5931\u503c\u548c\u91cd\u590d\u6570\u636e\u7b49\u3002\u683c\u5f0f\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5219\u6839\u636e\u9700\u6c42\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5982\u65e5\u671f\u683c\u5f0f\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u683c\u5f0f\u7b49\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        2. \n

          \u9009\u62e9\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28<\/strong>
          \u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u4ecb\u8d28\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8f83\u5c0f\u4e14\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9891\u7e41\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5b58\u50a8\u4e3aCSV\u6216JSON\u6587\u4ef6\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u6216\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982MySQL\uff09\u9002\u5408\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5173\u7cfb\u578b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08\u5982MongoDB\uff09\u5219\u9002\u5408\u534a\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6216\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

        3. \n

          \u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406<\/strong>
          \u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b58\u50a8\uff0c\u9700\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5408\u9002\u7684\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7d22\u5f15\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6570\u636e\u67e5\u8be2\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5b9a\u671f\u5907\u4efd\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u6570\u636e\u4e22\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u4e94\u3001\u9075\u5faa\u722c\u866b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

          \u5728\u7f16\u5199\u722c\u866b\u65f6\uff0c\u9700\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u722c\u866b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u548c\u5408\u89c4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. \n

            \u5c0a\u91cd\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684robots.txt\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong>
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          2. \n

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          3. \n

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          4. \n

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