{"id":997486,"date":"2024-12-27T09:24:31","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:24:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/997486.html"},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:24:33","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:24:33","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%bb%99shell%e4%ba%a4%e4%ba%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/ask-ask\/997486.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u7ed9shell\u4ea4\u4e92"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u7ed9shell\u4ea4\u4e92\"<\/p>\n

Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u3001os\u6a21\u5757\u3001pexpect\u6a21\u5757\u4e0eShell\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0csubprocess\u6a21\u5757\u6700\u5e38\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5176\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\/\u9519\u8bef\u7ba1\u9053\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002os\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u8c03\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u9650\u3002pexpect\u6a21\u5757\u9002\u5408\u5904\u7406\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecdsubprocess\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u8fde\u63a5\u5176\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\/\u9519\u8bef\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u4e0eos.system\u4e0d\u540c\uff0csubprocess\u6a21\u5757\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.PIPE\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0eShell\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001SUBPROCESS\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u542f\u52a8\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4e4b\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u3001\u4f20\u9012\u8f93\u5165\u3001\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1. \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.run()<\/code>\u6765\u6267\u884c\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd4\u56de\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import subprocess<\/p>\n
result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], capture_output=True, text=True)<\/p>\n
print(result.stdout)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0csubprocess.run()<\/code>\u6267\u884c\u4e86Shell\u547d\u4ee4ls -l<\/code>\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7capture_output=True<\/code>\u6355\u83b7\u4e86\u8f93\u51fa\u3002text=True<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u8fd4\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u4e0eShell\u4ea4\u4e92<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0eShell\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0csubprocess\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86subprocess.Popen<\/code>\u7c7b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53d1\u9001\u8f93\u5165\u5e76\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import subprocess<\/p>\n
process = subprocess.Popen(['cat'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)<\/p>\n
stdout, stderr = process.communicate(input='Hello, World!')<\/p>\n
print(stdout)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528subprocess.Popen<\/code>\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2acat<\/code>\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7communicate()<\/code>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5411\u5176\u53d1\u9001\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8bfb\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u5b50\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u83b7stderr\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import subprocess<\/p>\n
result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-z'], capture_output=True, text=True, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)<\/p>\n
if result.returncode != 0:<\/p>\n
    print("Error:", result.stderr)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8els -z<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64stderr<\/code>\u4f1a\u6355\u83b7\u5230\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001OS\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
os\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5982subprocess\u7075\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u547d\u4ee4<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
os\u6a21\u5757\u7684os.system()<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6267\u884c\u7b80\u5355\u7684Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
os.system('echo Hello, World!')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u53d6\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u7ba1\u7406<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
os\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7ba1\u7406\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import os<\/p>\n
print(os.environ['PATH'])<\/p>\n
os.environ['NEW_VAR'] = 'value'<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7os.environ<\/code>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u3001\u8bbe\u7f6e\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001PEXPECT\u6a21\u5757<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
pexpect\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u4e0eShell\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u6742\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u767b\u5f55\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u4f20\u8f93\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1. \u5b89\u88c5PEXPECT<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u60a8\u9700\u8981\u786e\u4fdd\u5b89\u88c5\u4e86pexpect\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install pexpect<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2. \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pexpect\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7pexpect.spawn()<\/code>\u6765\u542f\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pexpect<\/p>\n
child = pexpect.spawn('ftp localhost')<\/p>\n
child.expect('Name .*: ')<\/p>\n
child.sendline('user')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cpexpect.spawn()<\/code>\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2aftp\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7expect()<\/code>\u7b49\u5f85\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7sendline()<\/code>\u53d1\u9001\u8f93\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3. \u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
pexpect\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u65b9\u4fbf\u5730\u6355\u83b7\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import pexpect<\/p>\n
child = pexpect.spawn('ftp localhost')<\/p>\n
child.expect('Name .*: ')<\/p>\n
print(child.before.decode())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7before<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5339\u914d\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0eShell\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u6267\u884c\uff0cos\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\uff1b\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u6355\u83b7\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u5904\u7406\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u573a\u666f\uff0csubprocess\u6a21\u5757\u5219\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u9002\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0fShell\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0cpexpect\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7075\u6d3b\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\uff0cPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4e0eShell\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ea7\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u5728Python\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0eShell\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528subprocess<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0eShell\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u5141\u8bb8\u60a8\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8f93\u5165\/\u8f93\u51fa\/\u9519\u8bef\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.run()<\/code>\u3001subprocess.Popen()<\/code>\u7b49\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884cShell\u547d\u4ee4\u5e76\u83b7\u53d6\u8f93\u51fa\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Python\u4e0eShell\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u54ea\u4e9b\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\uff1f<\/strong>
\u5728\u4e0eShell\u4ea4\u4e92\u65f6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u907f\u514d\u547d\u4ee4\u6ce8\u5165\u653b\u51fb\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8981\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528shlex.quote()<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u5c3d\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u5217\u8868\u683c\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u547d\u4ee4\u5b89\u5168\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5982\u4f55\u6355\u83b7Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5e76\u5728Python\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff1f<\/strong>
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7subprocess.run()<\/code>\u6216subprocess.Popen()<\/code>\u6765\u6355\u83b7Shell\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4f7f\u7528stdout=subprocess.PIPE<\/code>\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5230Python\u53d8\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7result.stdout<\/code>\u8bbf\u95ee\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4fbf\u4e8e\u540e\u7eed\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7subprocess\u6a21\u5757\u3001os\u6a21\u5757\u3001pexpect\u6a21\u5757\u4e0eShell\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0csubp […]","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":997491,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/997486"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=997486"}],"version-history":[{"count":"1","href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/997486\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":997492,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/997486\/revisions\/997492"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/997491"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=997486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=997486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=997486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}