{"id":998364,"date":"2024-12-27T09:32:42","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:32:42","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:32:44","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:32:44","slug":"python%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0%e5%b8%b8%e9%a9%bb%e8%bf%90%e8%a1%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/998364.html","title":{"rendered":"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e38\u9a7b\u8fd0\u884c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"python\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e38\u9a7b\u8fd0\u884c\"<\/p>\n

Python\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e38\u9a7b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u591a\u79cd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7528\u6237\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u8be6\u7ec6\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff08Daemon\uff09\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3001\u540e\u53f0\u670d\u52a1\u7b49\u3002Python\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6216multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\u5982daemonize<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 THREADING \u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

threading<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u521b\u5efa\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u7ebf\u7a0b\u662f\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u8c03\u5ea6\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u7ebf\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f7b\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5e76\u53d1\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u521b\u5efa\u5b88\u62a4\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

\u5728Python\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684daemon<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u4e3aTrue<\/code>\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b88\u62a4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u3002\u5b88\u62a4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5c06\u5728\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import threading<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def background_task():<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        print("Running background task")<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
t = threading.Thread(target=background_task)<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b88\u62a4\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
t.setDaemon(True)<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
t.start()<\/p>\n
\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print("MAI<\/a>n thread is running")<\/p>\n
time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
print("Main thread is exiting")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cbackground_task<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u9650\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b88\u62a4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u4e3b\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u5b88\u62a4\u7ebf\u7a0b\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u7ebf\u7a0b\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u7ebf\u7a0b\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u8bf7\u6c42\u3001\u6587\u4ef6\u64cd\u4f5c\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3aPython\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u9501\uff08GIL\uff09\u9650\u5236\u4e86CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d1\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4efb\u52a1\u662fCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 MULTIPROCESSING \u6a21\u5757\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
multiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7528\u4e8e\u521b\u5efa\u591a\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408CPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u521b\u5efa\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528multiprocessing.Process<\/code>\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06daemon<\/code>\u5c5e\u6027\u8bbe\u4e3aTrue<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import multiprocessing<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def background_process():<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        print("Running background process")<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
p = multiprocessing.Process(target=background_process)<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
p.daemon = True<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
p.start()<\/p>\n
\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
print("Main process is running")<\/p>\n
time.sleep(5)<\/p>\n
print("Main process is exiting")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e0e\u7ebf\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4f1a\u5728\u4e3b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\u81ea\u52a8\u9000\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8eCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u590d\u6742\u8ba1\u7b97\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7b49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7GIL\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 DAEMONIZE \u5e93\u521b\u5efa\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
daemonize<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5e93\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u4fbf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u521b\u5efa\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5e93\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5c06Python\u811a\u672c\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u5b89\u88c5 DAEMONIZE \u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip<\/code>\u5b89\u88c5daemonize<\/code>\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install python-daemonize<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u4f7f\u7528 DAEMONIZE \u521b\u5efa\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
daemonize<\/code>\u5e93\u901a\u8fc7\u5c01\u88c5\u5e95\u5c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6613\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from daemonize import Daemonize<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def main():<\/p>\n
    while True:<\/p>\n
        print("Daemon is running")<\/p>\n
        time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684PID\u6587\u4ef6<\/strong><\/h2>\n
pid = "\/tmp\/test_daemon.pid"<\/p>\n
\u521b\u5efa\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
daemon = Daemonize(app="test_app", pid=pid, action=main)<\/p>\n
\u542f\u52a8\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h2>\n
daemon.start()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528Daemonize<\/code>\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5c06\u4efb\u610fPython\u51fd\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684PID\u6587\u4ef6\u8def\u5f84\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u5199\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u8bb0\u5f55\u81ea\u8eabPID\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528 SCHEDULER \u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e38\u9a7b\u8fd0\u884c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f7f\u7528Python\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u8c03\u5ea6\u5e93\uff0c\u5982schedule<\/code>\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1 \u5b89\u88c5 SCHEDULE \u5e93<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528pip<\/code>\u5b89\u88c5schedule<\/code>\u5e93\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install schedule<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2 \u4f7f\u7528 SCHEDULE \u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
schedule<\/code>\u5e93\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5b9a\u671f\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import schedule<\/p>\n
import time<\/p>\n
def job():<\/p>\n
    print("Scheduled job is running")<\/p>\n
\u6bcf\u96941\u5206\u949f\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u4efb\u52a1<\/strong><\/h2>\n
schedule.every(1).minutes.do(job)<\/p>\n
while True:<\/p>\n
    # \u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n
    schedule.run_pending()<\/p>\n
    time.sleep(1)<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0cjob<\/code>\u51fd\u6570\u6bcf\u96941\u5206\u949f\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002schedule.run_pending()<\/code>\u4f1a\u68c0\u67e5\u5e76\u8fd0\u884c\u6240\u6709\u5f85\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e38\u9a7b\u8fd0\u884c<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728Linux\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528systemd<\/code>\u7b49\u670d\u52a1\u7ba1\u7406\u5668\u5c06Python\u811a\u672c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e38\u9a7b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.1 \u521b\u5efa SYSTEMD \u670d\u52a1\u6587\u4ef6<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5728\/etc\/systemd\/system\/<\/code>\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5982my_service.service<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
[Unit]<\/p>\n
Description=My Python Service<\/p>\n
[Service]<\/p>\n
ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/python3 \/path\/to\/your_script.py<\/p>\n
Restart=always<\/p>\n
[Install]<\/p>\n
WantedBy=multi-user.target<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5.2 \u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528systemctl<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u7ba1\u7406\u670d\u52a1\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
# \u542f\u52a8\u670d\u52a1<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start my_service<\/p>\n
\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5f00\u673a\u81ea\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sudo systemctl enable my_service<\/p>\n
\u67e5\u770b\u670d\u52a1\u72b6\u6001<\/strong><\/h2>\n
sudo systemctl status my_service<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06Python\u811a\u672c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e38\u9a7b\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5b9e\u73b0Python\u811a\u672c\u5e38\u9a7b\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u79cd\u591a\u6837\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5177\u4f53\u9700\u6c42\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5b88\u62a4\u8fdb\u7a0b\u9002\u5408\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u540e\u53f0\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8ba1\u5212\u4efb\u52a1\u9002\u5408\u5b9a\u671f\u6267\u884c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u670d\u52a1\u9002\u5408\u9700\u8981\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u670d\u52a1<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6548\u679c\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u9009\u62e9\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8d44\u6e90\u7ba1\u7406<\/a>\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u811a\u672c\u80fd\u591f\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u7b54FAQs\uff1a<\/strong><\/h2>\n
 \u5982\u4f55\u8ba9Python\u811a\u672c\u5728\u540e\u53f0\u8fd0\u884c\uff1f<\/strong>
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