{"id":998545,"date":"2024-12-27T09:34:07","date_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:34:07","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2024-12-27T09:34:09","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T01:34:09","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%9c%8bpython%e6%89%a7%e8%a1%8c%e6%95%88%e7%8e%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/docs.pingcode.com\/ask\/998545.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u770bpython\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u5982\u4f55\u770bpython\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\"<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u56de\u7b54<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u770bPython\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u7f6e\u6a21\u5757timeit\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3001\u5229\u7528cProfile\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4f7f\u7528line_profiler\u8fdb\u884c\u9010\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3001\u901a\u8fc7memory_profiler\u76d1\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u8003\u8651\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316\u7b49<\/strong>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528timeit<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8bc6\u522b\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

timeit<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u591a\u6b21\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u5176\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0ctimeit<\/code>\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u907f\u514d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8ba1\u65f6\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d1f\u8f7d\u6ce2\u52a8\u5bf9\u8ba1\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u4f7f\u7528TIMEIT\u6a21\u5757\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n

timeit<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u5c0f\u6bb5\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u6267\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u5e73\u5747\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

1.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n

timeit<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u76f4\u63a5\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728Python\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u6307\u5b9a\u8981\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u4ee5\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u6b21\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

import timeit<\/p>\n
\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u7247\u6bb5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
execution_time = timeit.timeit('"-".join(str(n) for n in range(100))', number=10000)<\/p>\n
print(f"Execution time: {execution_time}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
1.2 \u9ad8\u7ea7\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0ctimeit<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5168\u5c40\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u6267\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import timeit<\/p>\n
setup_code = '''<\/p>\n
from math import sqrt<\/p>\n
def compute():<\/p>\n
    return [sqrt(i) for i in range(1000)]<\/p>\n
'''<\/p>\n
execution_time = timeit.timeit('compute()', setup=setup_code, number=1000)<\/p>\n
print(f"Execution time: {execution_time}")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528CPROFILE\u8fdb\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
cProfile<\/code>\u662fPython\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4ee3\u7801\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
2.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528cProfile<\/code>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u80fd\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u51fd\u6570\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import cProfile<\/p>\n
def example_function():<\/p>\n
    # \u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
cProfile.run('example_function()')<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
2.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u547d\u4ee4\u884c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\uff0ccProfile<\/code>\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u547d\u4ee4\u884c\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u5b8c\u6574\u7684Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -m cProfile my_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u56db\u3001\u4f7f\u7528LINE_PROFILER\u8fdb\u884c\u9010\u884c\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
line_profiler<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u9010\u884c\u5206\u6790Python\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u5177\u4f53\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
3.1 \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u5b89\u88c5line_profiler<\/code>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7pip\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u88c5\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install line_profiler<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528@profile<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6765\u6807\u8bb0\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6790\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
@profile<\/p>\n
def example_function():<\/p>\n
    # \u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528kernprof<\/code>\u547d\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
kernprof -l -v my_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
3.2 \u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
line_profiler<\/code>\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u6bcf\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6267\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8c03\u7528\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u54ea\u4e9b\u4ee3\u7801\u884c\u662f\u6027\u80fd\u74f6\u9888\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e94\u3001\u4f7f\u7528MEMORY_PROFILER\u76d1\u6d4b\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u4e5f\u662f\u5f71\u54cdPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002memory_profiler<\/code>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u6d4bPython\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8bc6\u522b\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
4.1 \u5b89\u88c5\u548c\u57fa\u672c\u7528\u6cd5<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5b89\u88c5memory_profiler<\/code>\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
pip install memory_profiler<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528@profile<\/code>\u88c5\u9970\u5668\u6807\u8bb0\u9700\u8981\u5206\u6790\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
@profile<\/p>\n
def example_function():<\/p>\n
    # \u4ee3\u7801\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u8fd0\u884c\u4ee3\u7801\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528Python\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff1a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
python -m memory_profiler my_script.py<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
4.2 \u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u6790<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
memory_profiler<\/code>\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u8bc6\u522b\u5185\u5b58\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9ad8\u5cf0\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
\u516d\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9009\u62e9<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5206\u6790Python\u4ee3\u7801\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5916\uff0c\u4ee3\u7801\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
5.1 \u7b97\u6cd5\u4f18\u5316<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u786e\u4fdd\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5408\u9002\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u5206\u67e5\u627e\u4ee3\u66ff\u7ebf\u6027\u67e5\u627e\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u67e5\u627e\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
def binary_search(arr, x):<\/p>\n
    low = 0<\/p>\n
    high = len(arr) - 1<\/p>\n
    while low <= high:<\/p>\n
        mid = (high + low) \/\/ 2<\/p>\n
        if arr[mid] < x:<\/p>\n
            low = mid + 1<\/p>\n
        elif arr[mid] > x:<\/p>\n
            high = mid - 1<\/p>\n
        else:<\/p>\n
            return mid<\/p>\n
    return -1<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
5.2 \u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u9009\u62e9<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u5408\uff08set\uff09\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5217\u8868\uff08list\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u6210\u5458\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u662fO(1)\uff0c\u800c\u5217\u8868\u662fO(n)\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]<\/p>\n
my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}<\/p>\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u96c6\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u5feb\u901f\u6210\u5458\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong><\/h2>\n
if 3 in my_set:<\/p>\n
    print("Found")<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u4e03\u3001\u5e76\u884c\u4e0e\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684\u5e76\u884c\u548c\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8I\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u548cCPU\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
6.1 \u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ebf\u7a0b\u548c\u591a\u8fdb\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
Python\u7684threading<\/code>\u548cmultiprocessing<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f00\u53d1\u8005\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e76\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6838CPU\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
from multiprocessing import Process<\/p>\n
def task():<\/p>\n
    # \u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
if __name__ == '__mAI<\/a>n__':<\/p>\n
    processes = [Process(target=task) for _ in range(4)]<\/p>\n
    for p in processes:<\/p>\n
        p.start()<\/p>\n
    for p in processes:<\/p>\n
        p.join()<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
6.2 \u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8eI\/O\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0cPython\u7684asyncio<\/code>\u6a21\u5757\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5f02\u6b65\u7f16\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<\/p>\n
import asyncio<\/p>\n
async def async_task():<\/p>\n
    # \u5f02\u6b65\u4efb\u52a1\u903b\u8f91<\/p>\n
    pass<\/p>\n
async def main():<\/p>\n
    await asyncio.gather(async_task(), async_task())<\/p>\n
asyncio.run(main())<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/p>\n
\u516b\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/h3>\n<\/p>\n
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