Criminology
Blair, G., Weinstein, J. M., Christia, F., Arias, E., Badran, E., Blair, R. A., … & Wilke, A. M. (2021). Community policing does not build citizen trust in police or reduce crime in the Global South. Science, 374(6571), eabd3446. 10.1126/science.abd344 Blair et al. (2021) conducted a large field trial in six Global South nations to determine if...
Crime is one of the essential social problems that has caught the attention of academicians in various disciplines, such as criminology, sociology, and psychology, for quite some time now. The social context is among the most influential factors that are acknowledged to influence a person and transform them into a criminal. Social context refers to...
When Is Force Constitutionally Permissible? Under the Fourth Amendment, the use of force by American police during an arrest is permitted as long as it is considered objectively reasonable. The landmark case Graham v. Connor (1989) concluded that the reasonableness of the force should be viewed as that which is in the eyes of a...
The nature of criminal behavior is one of the core issues in criminology, which informs the strategies of societies in the form of policies, prevention programs, and the criminal justice system. The crime explanations provide helpful facts regarding law enforcement policies, community, and rehabilitation programs. Without these theoretical frameworks, the response to crime may safely...
Fulham, L., Blais, J., Rugge, T., and Schultheis, E.A., 2023. The effectiveness of restorative justice programs: A meta-analysis of recidivism and other relevant outcomes. Criminology & Criminal Justice. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958231215228 Fulham et al. (2023) conduct a meta-analysis to estimate the effectiveness of restorative justice (RJ) programs to reduce recidivism and improve outcomes regarding victim and client...
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The recent past has seen a radical increase in imprisonment in the United States that has not only changed the nature of the justice system but also altered communities throughout the United States. The rate of individuals held in prisons and jails has become extremely high compared to what other countries can offer, and this...
Police Discretion as a Source of Inequality in Society Police officers in the US have the freedom to make decisions using their judgment and experience when performing their duties. This discretion allows them to decide when to stop, search, arrest, detain, and even use their weapons on someone. The primary reason for introducing the discretion...
Arrigo, B., Sellers, B., Copes, H., & Paz, J. (2022). New Qualitative Methods and Critical Research Directions in Crime, Law, and Justice: Editors’ Introduction. Journal of Criminal Justice Education, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1080/10511253.2022.2027484 In the article, Arrigo et al. (2022) discussed various fresh qualitative research paradigms in criminology and criminal justice, including psychological jurisprudence, queer theory, and...
The Broken Windows Theory has been a very potent aspect of policing in modern days that has influenced the idea of policing policy and community safety. Researchers are still attempting to cognize its strengths and weaknesses with interest in policing and police accountability. They are also trying to answer the questions raised with the racial...
Violence and crime can substantially impact a community by causing physical harm and emotional distress. The physical harm caused by a violent crime like assault or homicide causes injury, death, and long-term health outcomes to the victims (Office for National Statistics, 2022). Such people usually need medical help, and in other situations, even long-term disability....
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As a detective in the local metro police department, I was assigned, together with my partner, to a residential home where a mother had reported finding her teenage son dead in his bedroom. When entering the room, we noticed a huge amount of blood around the head of the victim and the traces of a...
1. In what ways have U.S. approaches to combating terrorism transformed since the September 11, 2001 attacks? Since the September 11 attacks, the United States has continually aligned its counterterrorism approach to address the current global threats. During the years immediately after 9/11, the government mostly used military intervention as a measure of countering groups...
The development of forensic science and technology has advanced evidence evaluation in the justice system, primarily in discovery, verification, and presentation. The use of digital forensic tools and mechanisms, such as DNA analyses, has bolstered forensic assistance in investigations despite concerns about validity and bias (Wienroth et al., 2022). As such, courts must uphold the...
There is a tendency to define the American criminal justice system as groundbreaking and one of the foundations of the democratic ideology, channeled to provide justice and equality of what the law can do. Nevertheless, as history tends to show, race and ethnicity have historically been significant determinants in the outcomes within the system. Since...
Young gangs continue to be a common problem in American criminology and city studies. A youth gang is generally referred to as a cliquish group of youth or young adults that has a common identity and is involved in delinquent or criminal behavior. Within the city, these groups are disproportionately represented in violent crime, property...
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