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  • Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach

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Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary Approach Revised Edition

4.3 out of 5 stars (34)

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The essays in this volume represent an approach to human knowledge that has had a profound influence on many recent thinkers. Popper breaks with a traditional commonsense theory of knowledge that can be traced back to Aristotle. A realist and fallibilist, he argues closely and in simple language that scientific knowledge, once stated in human language, is no longer part of ourselves but a separate entity that grows through critical selection.
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About the Author

Sir Karl Raimund Popper (1902-1994), was an Austrian and British philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics.

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  • Publisher ‏ : ‎ Oxford University Press
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ November 9, 1972
  • Edition ‏ : ‎ Revised
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 406 pages
  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0198750242
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0198750246
  • Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 15.2 ounces
  • Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 8.4 x 0.8 x 5.4 inches
  • Best Sellers Rank: #1,421,917 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
  • Customer Reviews:
    4.3 out of 5 stars (34)

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Karl Raimund Popper
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4.3 out of 5 stars
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  • Reviewed in the United States on August 21, 2009
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Popper displays here his so called "third philosophy", that goes around the world 1, world 2 and world 3. This is not a very popular topic in Popper scholarship, in part because it is his late philosophy and it is not constructed under a systematic manner as the other two were (The Logic of Scientific Discovery and The Open Society).

    Still, much than a mature and finished philosophy is a programmatic start up. You will find isolated papers, conferences that Popper offered in his last years, more or less happily ensembled by the editor. But there is much more in the rear that it would seem at a first glance. The impact on deep consideration of the influences between the different worlds and, especially, between the world 3 and the other two, is something that still has not been done.

    Only 9 years ago, for instance, the Peruvian guru De Soto published an interesting book, The Mistery of the Capital, where he stresses that poverty is mainly caused not because poors in the world do not have assets; but instead because these assets are not "visible" to the international markets because they do not have appropriate titles of property universally accepted. In popperian terminology: because their assets only exist in the world 1 and world 2, but not in world 3.

    World 3 is still a promised land to be discovered. Poppers work is an adequate beginning if you want to change the situation.
    7 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on April 21, 2020
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    NO PROBLEMS
    One person found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on December 29, 2001
    Format: Paperback
    When an undergraduate in college, I was mainly exposed to so called "Continental" philosophy which seems to have a tendency, to say the least, toward bosh, and to analytic philosophy which seems to have a tendency, to say the least, toward triviality, plus, since it was a Catholic college, selections from Plato, Aristotle, and medieval metaphysicians.
    I could not really acclimate myself with these doctrines. It is in a sense unfortunate that I found an alternative outside my formal schooling. With Popper I found someone who is readable--I think that any intelligent general reader can understand him--original, and with an outlook congruent with natural science.
    He is known for his ideas on scientific method--that science does not really "prove" theories, but creates conjectures which have rich empirical content and withstand falsification. With ideas like this, decades ago, he attacked doctrines like Marxism, and psycho-analysis. Demolishing the claims of these doctrines may seem to be no big deal today, but decades ago they were major tools of our intellecutal elites.
    This book covers old ground such as his views on science but also, it seems to me, breaks new ground. A new contribution is his theory of the Three Worlds, which I think is fruitful. He also deals with the question of free will, which I sense is the weakest part of his book.
    Popper distinguishes three realms or 'worlds.' World1 is the world of physical objects; World2 is the world of our subjective beliefs, thoughts, feelings; World3 is what he calls an objective world of knowledge, the objective contents of thought--the knowledge contained in books, musuems, libraries, etc.
    Popper holds that most philosophers considered the object of epistemology--the theory of knowledge--to be World2. Popper argues that this is misguided. He thinks it is, to use his words, "irrelevant." The proper object for epistemology is World3. We should concern ourselves not with justifying our subjective beliefs but with objective theories--their contents, the arguments supporting them, etc.
    A theory of knowledge based on World3 has some interesting ramifications. It is immune from modern relativistic attacks (this is my personal view). World2 epistemology has premises, both implicit and explicit, that make it vulnerable to relativistic attacks. World3 epistemology, instead, proceeds with the GROWTH of knowledge. Another interesting feature of World3 is that, even though it is man-made, it is autonomous. If humanity were to disappear, World3 will still be "outthere". World3 is created by individuals with certain goals, but the contents of World3 seem to have a life of its own(and this is very metaphorical). It can be used by others in different ways, it leads to new problems and solutions not considered before, etc.
    Popper also deals with the problem of understanding in the humanities. There are some who hold that there is a difference between understanding in the natural sciences and understanding in the human sciences--that in fields like history, psychology, sociology, one has to understand by a method which seems to me to be something like a mystical intuitive grasp of the thoughts of another. Popper thinks that this is old hat. The method to, say, reconstruct a damaged ancient text is fundamentally no different from understanding regularities in nature.
    Popper died not too long before the advent of the world wide web. It seems to me that Popper's ideas on the three worlds are very applicable to the world wide web. The World Wide Web would fall under the category of World3. It has an ever expanding content of knowledge, of conjectures, of arguments and discussion. Being a part of World3, it is human made, but the world wide web has a certain autonomy. A road built on the web by one person for one thing can be used in different ways by different people.
    26 people found this helpful
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  • Reviewed in the United States on February 17, 2010
    Format: Paperback
    In these important essays, Karl Popper discusses Hume's problem (induction), Tarski's philosophical achievements, Wittgenstein's language problem, his three worlds and all sorts of `isms'.

    Hume's problem
    Hume noted that, however great the number of repetitions, man cannot justify the reasoning that an experience will lead again to the same outcome (no induction). But, why do reasonable people believe it? Out of `custom or habit', without which man would hardly survive.
    Popper's solution for the problem is `deduction'. People function within a theoretical framework and should continue to do so as long as the framework has not been falsified or improved.

    Alfred Tarski
    Tarski's philosophical importance is immense.
    He demonstrated that truth is simply correspondence with the facts.
    Moreover, he showed that any language contains descriptions of facts and a meta-language which contains statements about these facts. He solved, thereby, the liar's paradox.

    Wittgenstein
    For Wittgenstein, a proposition is a picture of reality. More, it is impossible to discuss the relationship between language and reality, because language cannot be discussed by language.
    As Ray Monk explained in his brilliant book about Wittgenstein, language was not the centre of Wittgenstein's preoccupations, but ethics. Language was only a useful tool in order to speak clearly about ethical problems.

    Three Worlds
    For Karl Popper, our universe is composed by three worlds: the physical world, the world of our mental experiences and an objective world (our actual knowledge written down in books, on hard disks, on visual displays ...)
    But, as W. Van Orman Quine astutely remarked: why do we need world 2? It is the same as world 1. Popper rejected categorically physicalism.

    Popper lambastes rightly the megalomania of many philosophers who cover their `incompetence' in obscure, would-be highbrow sentences and abstractions.
    All philosophic texts should be written in simple, lucid and easily comprehensible language, as used in these texts.

    This book is a must read for all those interested in the (philosophical) world we live in.
    8 people found this helpful
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Top reviews from other countries

  • Marie Thérèse
    5.0 out of 5 stars Schema " P1 ⇒ TT ⇒ EE ⇒ P2 ",
    Reviewed in Japan on February 27, 2016
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    I found so many suggestive essays in this book, such as "Of Clouds and Clocks", in which physical determinism is closely discussed (⇒ Popper denies it ).

    In "Epistemology Without a Knowing Subject", Popper shows very important schema as follows :
    P1 ⇒ TT ⇒ EE ⇒ P2
    that is : problemP1 --- tentative theory(TT) --- evaluative error elimination(EE ) --- problemP2

    And, Popper says "The evaluation is always critical, and its aim is the discovery and elimination of error.
    This schema is the essence of what Popper wants to say in this book.
  • Mr. Francois Marcognet
    5.0 out of 5 stars The Evolutionary Epistemology of Karl Popper
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on May 5, 2013
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    We find in this book the last philosophy of karl Popper, with his "Three Worlds": 1, 2 and 3 for the ideas or the theories, upon the basis of his great works: "The Logic of Scientific Discovery", the "Postscript", and "Conjectures and Refutations".
    It is always a logical approach applied to all the problems that can appear in philosophy, and particularly about the theory of knowledge, and in life in general, the problematic of problem solving. He insists on the results of his first researches, with the problem of induction and the criterium of demarcation, and with the study of the growth of knowledge with bold tests and refutation (or corroboration that means to be nearer the truth but never definitely).
    So he could give answers to the main philosophical problems: Hume, Kant, metaphysics and commonsense, empiricism and the Vienna Circle, Russel and Wittgenstein, the philosophy of language... Finally he defended an evolutionary theory of knowledge, through trying and error and problem solving, confident he became in the results of biology (Darwin, Lamarck, Spencer, John Eccles, Karl Lorenz...), keeping his realism in philosophy and with the theory of the truth of Tarski. He developed a plea for an objective knowledge, according to an evolutionary epistemology, corresponding to a Neo-Darwinism and a New-Synthesis.
  • Yusuf
    5.0 out of 5 stars UCL student using it for debate
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on November 27, 2013
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    Had a debate which required this book for proper objective argument. Karl Popper vs Thomas Kuhn debate. Conflict in philosophies. The book's also a good read for an objective philosophical perspective on the growth of science. Stimulated my more intellectual thoughts and good to have on the shelf too.
  • James Chambers
    5.0 out of 5 stars An alternative view
    Reviewed in the United Kingdom on January 23, 2015
    Format: PaperbackVerified Purchase
    A great book and service to match, worth the five stars awarded.