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A complete technical walkthrough of building a production Horizon data service — from Solidity contract to off-chain payment collection — drawn from two real implementations: Dispatch and SubstreamsDataService.
The Graph's Horizon upgrade (GIP-0066, live December 2025) turned the protocol into a permissionless data marketplace.
Before Horizon, The Graph had one type of data service: subgraphs. After Horizon, anyone can build a new type of data service — JSON-RPC endpoints, streaming data pipelines, oracle feeds, ZK proofs — and plug directly into the existing economic infrastructure. Same staking layer. Same payment layer. Brand new service.
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Pay-per-query access to Subgraphs on The Graph Network using the x402 payment protocol.
The Graph’s Subgraph Gateways accept x402 payments for per-query access on The Graph Network. Agents and applications can pay in USDC over HTTP without an API key.
A case study in what becomes possible when standardized Subgraphs and open infrastructure meet AI-native tooling.
TLDR: A community builder named set out to solve one of DeFi's oldest data problems: every lending protocol speaks a different language. By combining standardized Subgraphs on The Graph's decentralized network with a Model Context Protocol (MCP) server, the result was a single tool that lets any AI agent query live lending data across 90 protocol deployments on 15 chains, in plain English, with no custom adapters required.
