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SEC Form 4 intelligence·Open-market signals·Source-linked data

Most insider sales are not decisions.

76% of the sales reported on Form 4 in the last 90 days were pre-scheduled plans, tax cover, or exercise and sell. MarketPeel reads the transaction codes and the footnotes on every filing, so what is left is a decision.

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SEC Form 4What the filing does not say

One filing. Two readings.

Caterpillar Inc., 6 May 2026. On the left is the document the market was actually handed. On the right is what MarketPeel turned it into.

As filed0001104659-26-057313
SEC Form 4 filed by Bob De Lange for Caterpillar Inc. on 7 May 2026, showing four transaction legs across Table I and Table II with three footnotes

Four transaction legs, an eleven column derivative table, and three footnotes. No plain-language summary anywhere on the page.

Reads as$22.4M sold
Table I legs4
Read it on SEC EDGAR ↗
As classifiedMarketPeel
CATCaterpillar Inc.
Bob De Lange · Group President
Routine
  • M 28,105 @ $127.60Option Exercise
  • F 3,883 @ $923.38Tax Withholding
  • S 14,470 @ $922.55Tax Sell-to-Cover
  • S 9,752 @ $923.47Tax Sell-to-Cover

He exercised 28,105 options and exactly 28,105 shares went straight back out as withholding and cover. Nothing here was timed by the insider.

How we decided
  • The exercise is paired with same-day sales inside one filing.
  • Code F is issuer withholding on a vest, by definition.
  • The two sales cover 86% of the shares that exercise released.
Discretionary open-market sale$0
Holdings before and after86,029 → 86,029
Inspect this filing →

76% routine, 20% discretionary, across 26,684 Form 4 sales classified in the last 90 days. By count of sale legs (code S), not by dollars.

After the filterWhat a decision looks like

What is left. And what followed.

Carnival Corp, 19 October 2023. One director, one transaction code, one decision. No plan, no vest, no tax mechanics behind it.

The trade0001127602-23-026130
CCLCarnival Corp
Randall Weisenburger · Director
Open-market buy
  • P 100,000 @ $11.50$1.15M
Why it survives the filter
  • One leg. No exercise, no vest, no withholding attached to it.
  • No footnotes, so nothing reclassifies it on a second read.
  • The 10b5-1 box is unchecked, so no plan set the timing.
  • He bought 350,000 more at $12.99 nine days earlier, as it fell.
Two purchases in nine days$5.7M
Read it on SEC EDGAR ↗
What followedvs SPY
  • 90 days+36.8%
  • 1 year+48.2%
  • 2 years+89.6%

$11.39 on the day of the trade, $28.31 two years later. That is +148.6% outright, against +58.9% for SPY over the same window.

How this is measured
  • Close on the trade date against the close 90, 365 and 730 days later.
  • SPY over the identical window, subtracted.
  • One filing, held untouched. Nothing re-based, nothing re-weighted.
Excess over SPY, two years+89.6%
Inspect this filing →

One trade is not a track record. Across 87,888 open-market purchases since 2020, the median one trailed SPY by 1.7% at 90 days, and the median at one year trailed by 10.8%. Almost all insider buying is noise too, which is what the filter is for. Trades from January 2020 to May 2025, deduplicated by economic transaction, SPY as benchmark. Past returns, not a prediction.

Insider transactions
2.6M
· parsed from Form 4
US companies
5.2K
· all exchanges
Congress members
217
· STOCK Act
Institutions
8.6K
· 13F tracked
§ IHow it works

From filing noise to a decision-ready signal.

One workflow answers three questions: Is the trade discretionary? Is the insider worth following? Do I need to know now?

01Filter

Separate conviction from compensation noise.

Exercises, gifts, tax withholding, and duplicate filing legs are classified before they reach the signal layer.

P/S open-market codes surfaced by default
02Verify

Check whether the person has earned attention.

Each insider is measured against SPY across multiple horizons, with sample size and consistency shown alongside returns.

Backtested excess return, not follower counts
03Follow

Get the filing when it matters to you.

Build a focused watchlist, follow proven filers, and receive email or Telegram alerts during the filing window.

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No. MarketPeel is a research tool. We show you publicly available data, faster and cleaner. What you do with it is on you.

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We sync new Form 4 filings from EDGAR every hour through the main filing window (most land between 2pm and 10pm ET on market days), with a full catch-up import overnight. Pro alerts for your watched tickers and insiders go out within the hour of a filing landing; free users get them in the next daily digest.

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