This was originally reported on WordPress.org.
The report indicates that updating to a version of Comet Cache that requires the mbstring extension (>= v160416, I believe) from a version that does not (<= v160227), when the server does not have the PHP mbstring extension installed, results in a fatal error.
The bug that is likely causing this issue was fixed in WP-PHP-RV v160712, so the next release of Comet Cache should include this newer version of the requirements handler.