{"id":112697,"date":"2019-12-18T09:54:56","date_gmt":"2019-12-18T09:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/?page_id=112697"},"modified":"2026-07-13T07:52:10","modified_gmt":"2026-07-13T07:52:10","slug":"python-testing-frameworks","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/python-testing-frameworks\/","title":{"rendered":"Top 6 BEST Python Testing Frameworks [Updated 2026 List]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>This Tutorial Explains How Python can be used for Test Programming and lists the Features and Comparison of the Top Python Testing Frameworks:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the widespread application of Artificial Intelligence, Python has become a popular programming language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tutorial will cover how Python can be used for test programming along with some Python-based testing frameworks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Let&#8217;s start!!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>=> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/python\/\">Check ALL Python Tutorials Here<\/a><\/strong><em><\/wp-block><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Python-Testing-Frameworks.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"650\" height=\"366\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Python-Testing-Frameworks.png\" alt=\"Python Testing Frameworks\" class=\"wp-image-112761\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Python-Testing-Frameworks.png 650w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Python-Testing-Frameworks-300x169.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is Python?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the traditional definition, Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming language that helps programmers write manageable and logical code for small as well as large-scale projects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Some of the benefits of Python are:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>No compilation causes the fast execution of the Edit-Test-Debug cycle.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Easy debugging<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extensive support library<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Easy to learn <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/data-structures-in-python\/\">data-structure<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High productivity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Team collaboration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">Working in Python<\/mark><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Working-in-Python.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"391\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Working-in-Python.png\" alt=\"Working in Python\" class=\"wp-image-112763\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Working-in-Python.png 646w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Working-in-Python-300x182.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The interpreter reads the Python code from the source file and examines it for a syntax error.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the code is error-free then the interpreter converts the code to it&#8217;s equivalent \u2018Byte code\u2019.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This byte code is then transmitted to the Python Virtual Machine (PVM) where the Byte code is again compiled for errors, if any.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">What is Python Testing?<\/mark><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Automated testing is a well-known context in the world of testing. It is where the test plans are being executed using a script instead of a human.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Python comes with the tools and libraries that support automated testing for your system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Python Test cases are comparatively easy to write. With the increased use of Python, Python-based test automation frameworks are also becoming popular.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"alert-box alert-blue\"><strong>=&gt;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contact us<\/a> to suggest a listing here.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">List of Best Python Testing Frameworks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Listed below are some Python Testing frameworks that you should know:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Robot<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>PyTest<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unittest<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DocTest<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nose2<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Testify<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comparing the Top Python Testing Tools<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Let\u2019s quickly summarize these frameworks in a short comparison table:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"tablepress-1063-scroll-wrapper\" class=\"tablepress-scroll-wrapper\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-1063\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1063 tablepress-responsive\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>License<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Part of<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-4\"><strong>Category<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-5\"><strong>Category<br \/>\nSpecial feature<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/robotframework\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Robot<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Logo.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Logo.png\" alt=\"Robot Logo\" width=\"100\" height=\"90\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-112714\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Free software<br \/>\n(ASF License}<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Python generic test libraries.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Acceptance testing<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Keyword-driven testing approach.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/pytest\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>PyTest<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/PyTest-Logo.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/PyTest-Logo.png\" alt=\"PyTest Logo\" width=\"100\" height=\"91\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-112716\" \/><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Free software (MIT License)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Stand alone, allows compact test suites.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Unit Testing<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Special and simple class fixture for making testing easier.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Codewars\/python-unittest\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>unittest<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/UnitTest-Logo.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/UnitTest-Logo.png\" alt=\"UnitTest Logo\" width=\"100\" height=\"90\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-112717\" \/><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Free software (MIT License)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Part of Python standard library.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Unit Testing<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Fast test collection and flexible test execution.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/onqtam\/doctest\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>DocTest<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Doctest-Logo.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Doctest-Logo.png\" alt=\"Doctest Logo\" width=\"100\" height=\"90\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-112718\" \/><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Free software (MIT License)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Part of Python standard library.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Unit Testing<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Python Interactive Shell for the command prompt and inclusive application.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/nose2\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Nose2<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Nose-Logo.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Nose-Logo.jpg\" alt=\"Nose Logo\" width=\"100\" height=\"90\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-112719\" \/><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Free software<br \/>\n(BSD License)<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Carries unittest features with additional feature and plugins.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">unittest extension<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">A large number of plugins.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/testify\/\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Testify<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Testify-Logo.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Testify-Logo.png\" alt=\"Testify Logo\" width=\"100\" height=\"94\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-112720\" \/><\/a><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Free software<br \/>\n(ASF License)<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Carries unittest and nose features with additional feature and plugins.<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">unittest extension<\/td><td class=\"column-5\">Test discovery enhancement.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<!-- #tablepress-1063 from cache -->\n\n\n<p><strong>(Abbreviations: MIT = <\/strong>Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1980), <strong>BSD = <\/strong>Berkeley Software&nbsp;Distribution (1988), <strong>ASF = <\/strong>Apache Software Foundation(2004)<strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Let&#8217;s start!!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">#1) Robot<\/mark><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Robot Framework is the most popular open-source Automation Testing framework, based on Python.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This framework is entirely developed in Python and is used for <strong>Acceptance Testing<\/strong> and <strong>Test-driven development. <\/strong>Keyword style is being used to write test cases in the Robot framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Robot is capable of running Java and .Net and also supports automation testing on cross-platforms like Windows, Mac OS, and Linux for desktop applications, mobile applications, web applications, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Along with Acceptance Testing, the Robot is also used for Robotic Process Automation (RPA).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pip <\/strong>(Package Installer for Python) is highly recommended for Robot installation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The use of tabular data syntax, keyword-driven testing, rich libraries &amp; toolsets, and parallel testing are some of the strong features of Robot that make it popular among testers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><u><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\n*** Settings ***\nLibrary           SeleniumLibrary\n\n*** Variables ***\n${SERVER}         localhost:7272\n${BROWSER}        Firefox\n${DELAY}        0\n${VALID USER}     demo\n${VALID PASSWORD}    mode\n${LOGIN URL}      http:\/\/${SERVER}\/\n${WELCOME URL}    http:\/\/${SERVER}\/welcome.html\n${ERROR URL}      http:\/\/${SERVER}\/error.html\n\n*** Keywords ***\nOpen Browser To Login Page\n    Open Browser    ${LOGIN URL}    ${BROWSER}\n    Maximize Browser Window\n    Set Selenium Speed    ${DELAY}\nLogin Page Should Be Open\n    Title Should Be    Login Page\n\nGo To Login Page\n    Go To    ${LOGIN URL}\n    Login Page Should Be Open\n\nInput Username\n    &#x5B;Arguments]    ${username}\n    Input Text    username_field    ${username}\n\nInput Password\n    &#x5B;Arguments]    ${password}\n    Input Text    password_field    ${password}\n\nSubmit Credentials\n    Click Button    login_button\n\nWelcome Page Should Be Open\n    Location Should Be    ${WELCOME URL}\n    Title Should Be    Welcome Page\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a sample of <strong>Failed Test Execution.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Failed-tests.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Failed-tests.png\" alt=\"Robot - Failed tests\" class=\"wp-image-112764\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Failed-tests.png 740w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Failed-tests-300x231.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is a sample of <strong>Successful Test Execution.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Successful-tests.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"570\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Successful-tests.png\" alt=\"Robot - Successful tests\" class=\"wp-image-112765\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Successful-tests.png 740w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Robot-Successful-tests-300x231.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Packages\/Methods:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"tablepress-1064-scroll-wrapper\" class=\"tablepress-scroll-wrapper\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-1064\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1064 tablepress-responsive\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>Package Name<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Working<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Package Import<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">run()<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">To run tests.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">from robot import run<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">run_cli()<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">To run tests with command line argument. <\/td><td class=\"column-3\">from robot import run_cli<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">rebot()<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">To process test output.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">from robot import rebot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<!-- #tablepress-1064 from cache -->\n\n\n<p><strong>Link to API: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/robotframework.org\/robotframework\/latest\/RobotFrameworkUserGuide.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Robot Framework User Guide<\/a><br><strong>Download Link: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/robotframework\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Robot<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">#2) PyTest<\/mark><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/pytest-tutorial\/\">PyTest<\/a> is an open-source Python-based testing framework that is generally all-purpose, but especially for <strong>Functional and API testing.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pip <\/strong>(Package Installer for Python) is required for PyTest installation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It supports simple or complex text code to test API, databases, and UIs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Simple syntax is helpful for easy test execution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rich plugins can run tests in parallel.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can run any specific subset of tests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><u><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nimport pytest      \/\/Import unittest module\/\/\ndef test_file1_method(): \/\/Function inside class\/\/\nx=5\ny=6\nassert x+1 == y, &amp;amp;quot;test failed&amp;amp;quot;\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>To run the test, use the <strong><em>py.test <\/em><\/strong>command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Screenshot for Reference:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/PyTest-1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/PyTest-1.png\" alt=\"PyTest\" class=\"wp-image-112767\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/PyTest-1.png 740w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/PyTest-1-300x129.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[via GitHub.com]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Packages\/Methods:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"tablepress-1065-scroll-wrapper\" class=\"tablepress-scroll-wrapper\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-1065\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1065 tablepress-responsive\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>Function<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Parameters<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Working<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>pytest.approx()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">expected,<br \/>\nrel=None,<br \/>\nabs=None,<br \/>\nnan_ok=False<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Assert that two numbers or two <br \/>\nsets of numbers are approximately <br \/>\nequal to some differences.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>pytest.fail()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">msg (str)<br \/>\npytrace(bool)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">If the executing test fails explicitly the message is shown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>pytest.skip()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">allow_module_level(bool)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Skip the executing test with the message shown.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>pytest.exit()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">msg (str)<br \/>\nreturncode (int)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Exit testing process.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>pytest.main()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">args=None<br \/>\nplugins=None<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Return exit code once in-process test execution is done.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>pytest.raises()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">expected_exception: Expectation[, match]<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Assert that a code block call raises expected_exception or to raise a failure exception <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>pytest.warns()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">expected_warning: Expectation[, match]<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Asserting warning with the functions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<!-- #tablepress-1065 from cache -->\n\n\n<p>If you want to access a test written in a specific file, we use the command below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">py.test &amp;amp;lt;filename&amp;amp;gt;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pytest Fixture: <\/strong>A Pytest Fixture is used to run code before executing the test method to avoid code repetition. This is basically used to initialize a database connection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can define a PyTest fixture as shown below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">@pytest.fixture<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Assertion: <\/strong>An assertion is a condition that returns true or false. Test execution stops when the assertion fails.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Given below is an Example:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ndef test_string_equal():\nassert double(55) == 62\nassert 25 == 62\n+  where 25 = double(55)\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Link to API: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.pytest.org\/en\/latest\/reference.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Pytest API<\/a><br><strong>Download Link: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/pytest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Pytest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">#3) Unittest<\/mark><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Unittest is the very first Python-based <strong>automated unit test framework<\/strong> that was designed to work with the Python standard library.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supports the reuse of test suites and test organization.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was inspired by JUnit and supports test automation, including test collections, test independence, setup code for tests, etc.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is also called <strong>PyUnit.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/unittest2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Unittest2<\/a>&nbsp;is a backport of additional new features added to the Unittest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Standard workflow of Unittest:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Import the Unittest module in the program code.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You can define your class.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Create functions inside the Class that you have defined.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Place unittest.main(), which is the main method, at the bottom of the code to run the test case.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><u><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nimport unittest                                 \/\/Import unittest module\/\/\ndef add(x,y):\n   return x + y\n\nclass Test(unittest.TestCase):          \/\/Define your class with testcase\/\/\n\n   def addition(self):\n      self.assertEquals(add(4,5),9)&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;\/\/Function inside class\/\/\n\nif __name__ == &amp;amp;#039;__main__&amp;amp;#039;:\n   unittest.main()&amp;amp;lt;strong&amp;amp;gt;\/\/Insert main() method\/\/\n<\/pre>1\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Screenshot for Reference:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/unittest.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"542\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/unittest.png\" alt=\"unittest\" class=\"wp-image-112769\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/unittest.png 740w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/unittest-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>[<em>via Stackoverflow<\/em>]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Packages\/Methods:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"tablepress-1066-scroll-wrapper\" class=\"tablepress-scroll-wrapper\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-1066\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1066 tablepress-responsive\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>Method<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Working<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>setUp()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Called before test method execution to prepare test installation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>tearDown()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Called after test method execution even if the test throws an exception.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>setUpClass()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Called after tests in an individual class.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>tearDownClass()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Called after tests in an individual class.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>run()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Run the test with results.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>debug()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Run the test without result.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>addTest()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Add the test method in the test suite.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>Discover()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Finds all the test modules in subdirectories from the specific directory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>assertEqual(a,b)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">To test equality of two object.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>asserTrue\/assertFalse(condition)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">To test Boolean condition.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<!-- #tablepress-1066 from cache -->\n\n\n<p><strong>(<em>Note: <\/em>unittest.mock()<\/strong> is a library for Python testing that allows replacing system parts with mock objects. The core <strong>mock class <\/strong>helps to create a test suite easily.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Link to API:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/library\/unittest.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Unittest API<\/a><br><strong>Download Link: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Codewars\/python-unittest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Unittest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">#4) DocTest<\/mark><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Doctest is a module that is included in Python\u2019s standard distribution and is used for <strong>White-box Unit Testing.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It searches for interactive Python sessions to check if they are working exactly as required.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It makes use of selective Python capabilities such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/python-docstring-tutorial\/\">docstrings<\/a>, the Python interactive shell, and Python introspection (determining properties of objects at runtime).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Core Functions:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Updating docstring<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Performing Regression Testing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The functions testfile() and testmod() are used to provide the basic interface.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><u><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\ndef test(n): \nimport math\n    if not n &amp;amp;gt;= 0:\n        raise ValueError(&amp;amp;quot;n must be &amp;amp;gt;= 0&amp;amp;quot;) \/\/number should be 0 or greater than 0\n    if math.floor(n) != n:\n               raise ValueError(&amp;amp;quot;n must be exact integer&amp;amp;quot;)   \n                                                                     \/\/Error when number is not an integer\n  if n+1 == n:  \n        raise OverflowError(&amp;amp;quot;n too large&amp;amp;quot;) \/\/Error when number is too large\n    r = 1\n    f = 2\n    while f &amp;amp;lt;= n:                                      \/\/Calculate factorial\n        r *= f\n        f += 1\n    return r\n\nif __name__ == &amp;amp;quot;__main__&amp;amp;quot;:\n     import doctest                        \/\/Import doctest\n    doctest.testmod()                    \/\/Calling the testmod method\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Screenshot for Reference:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/doctest.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"638\" height=\"559\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/doctest.png\" alt=\"doctest\" class=\"wp-image-112770\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/doctest.png 638w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/doctest-300x263.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[via Phytonlibrary]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Packages\/Functions<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"tablepress-1067-scroll-wrapper\" class=\"tablepress-scroll-wrapper\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-1067\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1067 tablepress-responsive\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>Function<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Parameters<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>doctest.testfile()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">filename (mendatory)<br \/>\n[, module_relative]<br \/>\n[, name][, package]<br \/>\n[, globs][, verbose]<br \/>\n[, report][, optionflags]<br \/>\n[, extraglobs][, raise_on_error]<br \/>\n[, parser][, encoding]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>doctest.testmod()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">m][, name][, globs]<br \/>\n[, verbose][, report]<br \/>\n[, optionflags]<br \/>\n[, extraglobs]<br \/>\n[, raise_on_error]<br \/>\n[, exclude_empty]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>doctest.DocFileSuite()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">*paths, [module_relative][, package][, setUp][, tearDown][, globs][, optionflags][, parser][, encoding]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>doctest.DocTestSuite()<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">[module][, globs][, extraglobs][, test_finder][, setUp][, tearDown][, checker]<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<!-- #tablepress-1067 from cache -->\n\n\n<p><strong>Note: <\/strong>For checking interactive examples in the text file we can use the testfile() function;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">doctest.testfile (\u201cexample.txt\u201d)<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You can directly run the test from the command line with;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">python factorial.py<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Link to API: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/2\/library\/doctest.html#basic-api\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">DocTest API<\/a><br><strong>Download Link: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/onqtam\/doctest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Doctest<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">#5) Nose2<\/mark><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nose2 is the successor of Nose and it is a Python-based <strong>Unit Testing framework <\/strong>that can run Doctests and UnitTests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nose2 is based on <strong>unittest<\/strong> hence it is referred to as <strong>extend unittest<\/strong> or unittest with the plugin that was designed to make testing simple and easier.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nose uses collective tests from unittest.testcase and supports multiple functions for writing tests and exceptions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nose supports package fixtures, classes, modules, and complex initialization to be defined at a single time instead of writing frequently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><u><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nfrom mynum import *\nimport nose\n\ndef test_add_integers():\n    assert add(5, 3) == 8\n\ndef test_add_floats():\n    assert add(1.5, 2.5) == 4\n\ndef test_add_strings():\n    nose.tools.assert_raises(AssertionError, add, &amp;amp;#039;paul&amp;amp;#039;, &amp;amp;#039;carol&amp;amp;#039;) \n\/\/ To throw one of the expected exception to pass\n\nif __name__ == &amp;amp;#039;__main__&amp;amp;#039;:   \n    nose.run()\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Screenshot for Reference:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Nose-2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"470\" height=\"529\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Nose-2.png\" alt=\"Nose 2\" class=\"wp-image-112774\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Nose-2.png 470w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Nose-2-267x300.png 267w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Packages\/Methods:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"tablepress-1068-scroll-wrapper\" class=\"tablepress-scroll-wrapper\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-1068\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1068 tablepress-responsive\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>Method<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Parameters<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Working<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>nose.tools.ok_<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><strong>(expr, msg = None)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Shortcut to assert.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>nose.tools.ok_<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><strong>(a,b, msg = None)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Shortcut to \u2018assert a==b,<br \/>\n\u201c%r != %r\u201d % (a, b)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>nose.tools.make_decorator<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><strong>(func)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">To replicate metadata for the given function.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>nose.tools.raises<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><strong>(*exception)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">To throw one of the expected exceptions to pass.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>nose.tools.timed<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><strong>(limit)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">To specify the time limit within which the test should get a pass.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>nose.tools.with_setup<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><strong>(setup=None, teardown=None)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">To add setup method to a test function.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>nose.tools.intest<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><strong>(func)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Method or function can be referred as test.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>nose.tools.nottest<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\"><strong>(func)<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Method or function cannot be referred as test.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<!-- #tablepress-1068 from cache -->\n\n\n<p><strong>Link to API: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/nose2.readthedocs.io\/en\/release-0.3\/plugins.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Plugins for Nose2<\/a><br><strong>Download Link: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/nose2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Nose2<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">#6) Testify<\/mark><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Testify was designed to replace unittest and nose. Testify has more advanced features than unittest.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Testify is popular as a Java implementation of semantic testing (Easy to learn and implement software testing specification).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Performing <strong>Automated unit, Integration, and System Testing<\/strong> is easier with Testify.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Features<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Simple syntax to fixture method.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improvised test discovery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Class-level setup and teardown fixture method.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extensible plugin system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Easy-to-handle testing utilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><u><strong>Example:<\/strong><\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"brush: python; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\nfrom testify import *\n\nclass AdditionTestCase(TestCase):\n\n    @class_setup\n    def init_the_variable(self):\n        self.variable = 0\n\n    @setup\n    def increment_the_variable(self):\n        self.variable += 1\n\n    def test_the_variable(self):\n        assert_equal(self.variable, 1)\n\n    @suite(&amp;amp;#039;disabled&amp;amp;#039;, reason=&amp;amp;#039;ticket #123, not equal to 2 places&amp;amp;#039;)\n    def test_broken(self):\n        # raises &amp;amp;#039;AssertionError: 1 !~= 1.01&amp;amp;#039;\n        assert_almost_equal(1, 1.01, threshold=2)\n\n    @teardown\n    def decrement_the_variable(self):\n        self.variable -= 1\n\n    @class_teardown\n    def get_rid_of_the_variable(self):\n        self.variable = None\n\nif __name__ == &amp;amp;quot;__main__&amp;amp;quot;:\nrun()\n<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Screenshot for Reference:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Testify.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"443\" src=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Testify.jpg\" alt=\"Testify\" class=\"wp-image-112775\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Testify.jpg 740w, https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/wp-content\/qa\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Testify-300x180.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>[via JetBrains]<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Packages\/Methods:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"tablepress-1070-scroll-wrapper\" class=\"tablepress-scroll-wrapper\">\n<table id=\"tablepress-1070\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1070 tablepress-responsive\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><strong>Package Name<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-2\"><strong>Working<\/strong><\/th><th class=\"column-3\"><strong>Package import<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>assert<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Provides comprehensive testing tools for the system testing.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">import &#8220;github.com\/stretchr\/testify\/assert&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>mock<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Useful to test your objects and calls.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">import &#8220;github.com\/stretchr\/testify\/mock&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>require<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Works as same as to assert but stops test execution when tests fail.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">import &#8220;github.com\/stretchr\/testify\/require&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>suite<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">It provides logic for creating testing suite structure and methods.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">import &#8220;github.com\/stretchr\/testify\/suite&#8221;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<!-- #tablepress-1070 from cache -->\n\n\n<p><strong>Link to API: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/godoc.org\/github.com\/stretchr\/testify\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Package files of Testify<\/a><br><strong>Download Link: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/testify\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Testify<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Additional Python Testing Framework<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>So far we have reviewed the most popular Python testing frameworks. There are a <\/strong>few&nbsp;more names on this list that <strong>might become popular in the future.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">#7) Behave<\/mark><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Behave is referred to as the <strong>BDD (Behavior Development)<\/strong> test framework that is also used for <strong>Black box testing<\/strong>. Behave uses the natural language for writing tests and works with Unicode Strings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Behave directory contains <strong>feature files<\/strong> that have a plain text format that looks like natural language and <strong>Python step implementations<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Link to API: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/behave.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Behave User Guide<\/a><br><strong>Download Link: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/behave\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Behave<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-contrast-color\">#8) Lettuce<\/mark><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Lettuce is useful for <strong>Behavior Driven Development Testing<\/strong>. It makes the testing process easy and scalable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lettuce includes steps such as:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Describing behavior<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Steps definition in Python.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Running the code<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Modifying code to pass the test.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Running the modified code.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These steps are being followed 3 &#8211; 4 times to make the software error-free and thereby enhance its quality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Link to API: <\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/lettuce.it\/tutorial\/simple.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Lettuce Documentation<\/a><br><strong>Download Link: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pypi.org\/project\/lettuce\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\">Lettuce<\/a><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Let\u2019s have a look at some of the most common FAQs on this topic<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1732626511766\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>1. Why is Python used for automation?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>As \u2018Python comes with the tools and libraries that support automated testing for your system\u2019, there are several other reasons why Python is used for testing.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Python is object-oriented and functional, which lets programmers conclude whether the functions and classes are suitable as per the requirements.<br \/>\u2022 Python offers a rich library of useful packages for testing after installing \u2018Pip\u2019.<br \/>\u2022 Stateless functions and simple syntax help create readable tests.<br \/>\u2022 Python plays the role of the bridge between the test case and the test code.<br \/>\u2022 Python supports dynamic duck typing.<br \/>\u2022 Offers a well-configured IDE and good support for the BDD framework.<br \/>\u2022 Rich command-line support is helpful to perform a manual check.<br \/>\u2022 Simple and good structure, modularity, rich toolset, and packages can be useful for scalable development.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1732626682391\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>2. How to structure a Python test?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>By the time you create a test in Python, you should consider two things as stated below.<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Which module\/part of the system do you want to test?<br \/>\u2022 Which type of testing are you opting for (unit testing or integration testing)?<\/p>\n<p>The overall structure of the Python Test is as simple as others, where we decide the components of tests such as inputs, test code to be executed, output, and comparison of output with expected results.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1732626840400\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>3. Which automation tool is written in Python?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/buildout\/buildout\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>Buildout<\/strong><\/a> is an automation tool that is written in and extended with Python and is used for automating software assembly. Buildout can be applicable to all the software phases, right from development to deployment.<\/p>\n<p>This tool is based on 3 core principles:<br \/>\u2022  Repeatability: It states project configuration developed in the same environment should produce the same result regardless of its history.<br \/>\u2022  <strong>Componentization: <\/strong>Software service should include self-monitoring tools and should configure the monitoring system during product deployment.<br \/>\u2022  <strong>Automation: <\/strong>Software deployment should be highly automated and time-saving.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1732626916327\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>4. Can Python be used with Selenium?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Python language is used with Selenium to perform testing. Python API is helpful to connect with the browser through Selenium. Python Selenium combination can be used to write functional\/acceptance tests using Selenium WebDriver.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1732627704917\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>5. Is Selenium with Python good?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>There are several reasons why Selenium and Python are considered a good combination:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 Selenium has the strongest toolset to support quick test automation.<br \/>\u2022 Selenium offers Dedicated test functions to perform web application testing that help to examine real application behavior.<br \/>\u2022 Whereas Python is a high-level, object-based, and user-friendly scripting language with a simple keyword structure.<\/p>\n<p>Now, when it comes to using Selenium with Python,<strong> <\/strong>it has several benefits as stated below.<br \/>\u2022 Easy to code and read.<br \/>\u2022 Python API is extremely useful for connecting to the browser through Selenium.<br \/>\u2022 Selenium sends standard commands of Python to various browsers regardless of its design variations.<br \/>\u2022 Python is comparatively simpler and more compact than other programming languages.<br \/>\u2022 Python comes with a big community to support those who are completely new to using Selenium with Python to perform automation testing.<br \/>\u2022 It is a free and open programming language all the time.<br \/>\u2022 Selenium WebDriver is another strong reason for using Selenium with Python. Selenium <br \/>WebDriver has strong binding support for Python\u2019s easy user interface.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1732628529009\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>6. What are the measures to choose the best Python testing framework?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For choosing the best Python testing framework, the following points should be taken into consideration:<br \/>\u2022 If the quality and structure of the scripts are fulfilling your purposes. The programming script should be easy to understand\/maintain and free of defects.<br \/>\u2022 The programming structure of Python plays an important role in choosing the testing framework, which consists of attributes, statements, functions, operators, modules, and standard library files.<br \/>\u2022 How easily can you generate tests, and to what extent can they be reused?<br \/>\u2022 The method adopted for test\/test module execution (Module running techniques).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1732628651260\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>7. How to choose the best Python Testing framework?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Understanding the advantages and limitations of each framework is a better way to choose the best Python Testing framework. <\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Robot Framework<\/strong><br \/><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 Keyword-driven test approach helps to create readable test cases in an easier way.<br \/>\u2022 Multiple APIs<br \/>\u2022 Easy test data syntax<br \/>\u2022 Supports parallel testing via Selenium Grid.<br \/>Limitations:<br \/>\u2022 Creating customized HTML reports is quite tricky with Robot.<br \/>\u2022 Less support for parallel testing.<br \/>\u2022 It requires Python 2.7.14 and above.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Pytest<\/strong><br \/><strong>Advantages:<br \/><\/strong>\u2022 Supports compact test suite.<br \/>\u2022 No need for the debugger or any explicit test log.<br \/>\u2022 Multiple fixtures<br \/>\u2022 Extensible plugins<br \/>\u2022 Easy and simple test creation.<br \/>\u2022 Possible to create test cases with fewer bugs.<br \/><strong>Limitations:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 Not compatible with other frameworks.<strong><\/p>\n<p>3. Unittest:<br \/>Advantages:<br \/><\/strong>\u2022 No need for any additional module.<br \/>\u2022 Easy to learn for testers at a beginner\u2019s level.<br \/>\u2022 Simple and easy test execution.<br \/>\u2022 Rapid test report generation.<br \/><strong>Limitations:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 snake_case naming of Python and camelCase naming of JUnit cause a bit of confusion.<br \/>\u2022 Unclear intent of the test code.<br \/>\u2022 Requires a huge amount of boilerplate code.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Doctest:<\/strong><br \/><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 A good option for performing small tests.<br \/>\u2022 Test documentation within the method also provides additional information about how the method works.<br \/><strong>Limitations:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 It only compares the printed output. Any variation in the output will cause a test failure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Nose 2:<\/strong><br \/><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 Nose 2 supports more testing configurations than unit tests.<br \/>\u2022 It includes a substantial set of active plugins.<br \/>\u2022 Different API from the unit test that provides more information about the error.<br \/><strong>Limitations:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022While installing third-party plugins you must install the setup tool\/distribute package, as \u2022 Nose2 supports Python 3 but not third-party plugins.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. Testify:<\/strong><br \/><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 Easy to understand and use.<br \/>\u2022 Unit, Integration, and System tests can be easily created.<br \/>\u2022 Manageable and reusable test components.<br \/>\u2022 Adding new features to Testify is easy.<br \/><strong>Limitations:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 Initially, Testify was developed to replace Unittest and Nose but the process of transitioning it to pytest is on, so it is recommended that users avoid using Testify for a few upcoming projects.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. Behave Framework:<\/strong><br \/><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 Easy execution of all types of test cases.<br \/>\u2022 Detailed reasoning &amp; thinking<br \/>\u2022 Clarity of QA\/Dev output.<br \/><strong>Limitations:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 It only supports black box testing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8. Lettuce Framework:<\/strong><br \/><strong>Advantages:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 Simple language to create multiple test scenarios.<br \/>\u2022 Helpful for behavior-driven test cases for black-box testing.<br \/><strong>Limitations:<\/strong><br \/>\u2022 It strongly needs strong coordination among developers, testers &amp; stakeholders.<br \/>\u2022 You can choose the most suitable Python testing framework by considering the above\u00a0advantages and limitations, which will help to develop the criteria suitable for your business\u00a0needs.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1732629717806\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<p class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>8. Which framework is best for Python Automation?<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>While considering the advantages and limitations, we can consider the testing type as one of the measures for choosing the best testing framework:<\/p>\n<p>\u2022 <strong>Functional Testing: <\/strong>Robot, PyTest, Unittest<br \/>\u2022 <strong>Behavior-Driven Testing: <\/strong>Behave, Lettuce<br \/><strong>Robot <\/strong>is the best framework for those who are new to Python testing and wish to get a solid start.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Subunit, Trial, Test resources, Sancho, and Testtools are some more names added to the list of Python Testing Frameworks. However, there are only a few tools that have been popularized so far, as Python testing is a comparatively new concept that has been introduced in the testing world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Companies are working on making these tools better so that they are easy to understand and use for testing. With the rich and precise class fixtures, plugins, and packages, these tools can become well-versed and preferable for performing Python Testing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, frameworks mentioned above, from unit test to Testify are providing much-needed support and service to achieve the intended system performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"alert-box alert-blue\"><strong>=&gt;&gt; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.softwaretestinghelp.com\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contact us<\/a> to suggest a listing here.<\/strong><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\r\n\t\t\t<div id=\"daexthefup-container\"\r\n\t\t\t\tclass=\"daexthefup-container daexthefup-layout-stacked daexthefup-alignment-center\"\r\n\t\t\t\tdata-post-id=\"112697\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"daexthefup-feedback\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"daexthefup-text\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"daexthefup-title\">Was this helpful?<\/h3>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"daexthefup-buttons-container\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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