1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?

On Raspberrypi.SE we've made good experiences with directly addressing said users via mod message and chat. If that does not suffice even high rep users might face temporary suspensions to cool down. It goes without saying - actually for essentially all parts of the questionaire that I am willing to adapt to the customs of this stack, i.e. get to know this stack via chat with the users and moderators.

2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc. a question that you feel shouldn’t have been?

Talk to the mod. Try to find a consensus. I'd consider myself rather inclusionist with respect to contributions (safe obvious spam and very low quality content). If in doubt I'd prefer a community vote over mod decisions.

3. A question is flagged as "off-topic" because it only peripherally involves an Arduino. For example "How do I get my Arduino to turn on a motor using a transistor?". Should it be closed altogether, migrated to Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange (where they are used to questions about transistors), or left here as a good beginner's Arduino question? Alternatively would you dismiss the flag and let the community handle the question via down-votes or vote-to-close?

If in doubt - leave it to the community. Along this particular line I'd first get a feeling on the current policy on this stack. I would guess that the current mods have an understanding with the relevant sister sites. Core of the decision should be "where will a question likely get the best answers?". In this respect the same applies to Raspberrypi.SE with a strong overlap to both EE and Unix.

4. How would you prefer to handle a Question, if the source of the problem is only a typo in the OP's source code?

Check for standing policy with the current moderators. I have no strong feelings about this and would rather adapt to how it's currently done here. Though I am somewhat leaning to "close" since the benefit to posteriority is rather limited. (Assuming the OP got the problem solved, usually by comments to the question.)

5. In your opinion, what do moderators do?

I believe in the power of the crowd and cooperation. Therefore it is (still) my firm hope that a mod only has to step in in the rare cases where self-regulation fails. It is my understanding that the community members define the goals and policies of the site together (e.g. in meta and public chat), with the mods aiding to focus and implementing it. As a moderator I would like to act as part of a team on behalf of and to the benefit of the community.

Besides that I understand that a fair share of the housekeeping is part of the moderators work, e.g. processing the flagging queues. I acknowledge that the communication between the community and SE both in terms of escalated moderation and with respect to administrative or technical tasks is part of the job, too, though again from former experience I gather that such incidents are rare.

6. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?

I take responsibility for what posted in the past and what I will post in the future, and I am pretty confident that my previous posts reflect well. So in fact, (another) potential diamond does not make me feel dizzy.

7. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching enough reputation to access moderator tools or become a trusted user?

I think the moderation team needs support now and that is what I could provide.

1. How would you deal with a user who produced a steady stream of valuable answers, but tends to generate a large number of arguments/flags from comments?

[Comments can be valuable too. If they are getting annoying then have a private chat with the user.]

2. How would you handle a situation where another mod closed/deleted/etc. a question that you feel shouldn’t have been?

[Everyone has their own opinions. If I felt strongly about that particular post, I would have chat with the other moderator and try an convince them.]

3. A question is flagged as "off-topic" because it only peripherally involves an Arduino. For example "How do I get my Arduino to turn on a motor using a transistor?". Should it be closed altogether, migrated to Electrical Engineering Stack Exchange (where they are used to questions about transistors), or left here as a good beginner's Arduino question? Alternatively would you dismiss the flag and let the community handle the question via down-votes or vote-to-close?

[My feeling is that it should be migrated. However, I would wait to see how others users felt about it. Sometimes it is not obvious how it could relate to Arduino, until there have been some discussion in comments.]

4. How would you prefer to handle a Question, if the source of the problem is only a typo in the OP's source code?

[Let the OP know in the comment, how to fix it and lock the question]

5. In your opinion, what do moderators do?

[Delete Spam or offensive posts. Close off-topic, unclear or duplicate questions. Lock posts that are complete and cant benefit from it, to prevent further interaction. There must be other tasks, which I will find out if I become a moderator]

6. A diamond will be attached to everything you say and have said in the past, including questions, answers and comments. Everything you will do will be seen under a different light. How do you feel about that?

[A bit scary]

7. In what way do you feel that being a moderator will make you more effective as opposed to simply reaching enough reputation to access moderator tools or become a trusted user?

[I can help now, instead of waiting to get enough rep.]