bpo-37205: time.time() cannot fail with fatal error (GH-23314)

time.time(), time.perf_counter() and time.monotonic() functions can
no longer fail with a Python fatal error, instead raise a regular
Python exception on failure.

Remove _PyTime_Init(): don't check system, monotonic and perf counter
clocks at startup anymore.

On error, _PyTime_GetSystemClock(), _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock() and
_PyTime_GetPerfCounter() now silently ignore the error and return 0.
They cannot fail with a Python fatal error anymore.

Add py_mach_timebase_info() and win_perf_counter_frequency()
sub-functions.

Author: vstinner

Include/pytime.h

@@ -164,22 +164,6 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_MulDiv(_PyTime_t ticks,
     _PyTime_t mul,
     _PyTime_t div);
 
-/* Get the current time from the system clock.
-
-   The function cannot fail. _PyTime_Init() ensures that the system clock
-   works. */
-PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_GetSystemClock(void);
-
-/* Get the time of a monotonic clock, i.e. a clock that cannot go backwards.
-   The clock is not affected by system clock updates. The reference point of
-   the returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the
-   results of consecutive calls is valid.
-
-   The function cannot fail. _PyTime_Init() ensures that a monotonic clock
-   is available and works. */
-PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock(void);
-
-
 /* Structure used by time.get_clock_info() */
 typedef struct {
     const char *implementation;
@@ -189,13 +173,34 @@ typedef struct {
 } _Py_clock_info_t;
 
 /* Get the current time from the system clock.
- * Fill clock information if info is not NULL.
- * Raise an exception and return -1 on error, return 0 on success.
+
+   If the internal clock fails, silently ignore the error and return 0.
+   On integer overflow, silently ignore the overflow and truncated the clock to
+   _PyTime_MIN or _PyTime_MAX.
+
+   Use _PyTime_GetSystemClockWithInfo() to check for failure. */
+PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_GetSystemClock(void);
+
+/* Get the current time from the system clock.
+ * On success, set *t and *info (if not NULL), and return 0.
+ * On error, raise an exception and return -1.
  */
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_GetSystemClockWithInfo(
     _PyTime_t *t,
     _Py_clock_info_t *info);
 
+/* Get the time of a monotonic clock, i.e. a clock that cannot go backwards.
+   The clock is not affected by system clock updates. The reference point of
+   the returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the
+   results of consecutive calls is valid.
+
+   If the internal clock fails, silently ignore the error and return 0.
+   On integer overflow, silently ignore the overflow and truncated the clock to
+   _PyTime_MIN or _PyTime_MAX.
+
+   Use _PyTime_GetMonotonicClockWithInfo() to check for failure. */
+PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock(void);
+
 /* Get the time of a monotonic clock, i.e. a clock that cannot go backwards.
    The clock is not affected by system clock updates. The reference point of
    the returned value is undefined, so that only the difference between the
@@ -209,10 +214,6 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_GetMonotonicClockWithInfo(
     _Py_clock_info_t *info);
 
 
-/* Initialize time.
-   Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
-PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_Init(void);
-
 /* Converts a timestamp to the Gregorian time, using the local time zone.
    Return 0 on success, raise an exception and return -1 on error. */
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_localtime(time_t t, struct tm *tm);
@@ -224,8 +225,11 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyTime_gmtime(time_t t, struct tm *tm);
 /* Get the performance counter: clock with the highest available resolution to
    measure a short duration.
 
-   The function cannot fail. _PyTime_Init() ensures that the system clock
-   works. */
+   If the internal clock fails, silently ignore the error and return 0.
+   On integer overflow, silently ignore the overflow and truncated the clock to
+   _PyTime_MIN or _PyTime_MAX.
+
+   Use _PyTime_GetPerfCounterWithInfo() to check for failure. */
 PyAPI_FUNC(_PyTime_t) _PyTime_GetPerfCounter(void);
 
 /* Get the performance counter: clock with the highest available resolution to

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2020-11-16-15-08-12.bpo-37205.Wh5svI.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+:func:`time.time()`, :func:`time.perf_counter()` and
+:func:`time.monotonic()` functions can no longer fail with a Python fatal
+error, instead raise a regular Python exception on failure.

Modules/timemodule.c

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 #define _Py_tzname tzname
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__APPLE__ ) && defined(__has_builtin) 
+#if defined(__APPLE__ ) && defined(__has_builtin)
 #  if __has_builtin(__builtin_available)
 #    define HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME_RUNTIME __builtin_available(macOS 10.12, iOS 10.0, tvOS 10.0, watchOS 3.0, *)
 #  endif
@@ -74,10 +74,21 @@ _PyFloat_FromPyTime(_PyTime_t t)
 }
 
 
+static int
+get_system_time(_PyTime_t *t)
+{
+    // Avoid _PyTime_GetSystemClock() which silently ignores errors.
+    return _PyTime_GetSystemClockWithInfo(t, NULL);
+}
+
+
 static PyObject *
 time_time(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
 {
-    _PyTime_t t = _PyTime_GetSystemClock();
+    _PyTime_t t;
+    if (get_system_time(&t) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     return _PyFloat_FromPyTime(t);
 }
 
@@ -91,7 +102,10 @@ Fractions of a second may be present if the system clock provides them.");
 static PyObject *
 time_time_ns(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
 {
-    _PyTime_t t = _PyTime_GetSystemClock();
+    _PyTime_t t;
+    if (get_system_time(&t) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     return _PyTime_AsNanosecondsObject(t);
 }
 
@@ -147,20 +161,11 @@ _PyTime_GetClockWithInfo(_PyTime_t *tp, _Py_clock_info_t *info)
 }
 #endif /* HAVE_CLOCK */
 
-static PyObject*
-perf_counter(_Py_clock_info_t *info)
-{
-    _PyTime_t t;
-    if (_PyTime_GetPerfCounterWithInfo(&t, info) < 0) {
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return _PyFloat_FromPyTime(t);
-}
 
 #ifdef HAVE_CLOCK_GETTIME
 
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-/* 
+/*
  * The clock_* functions will be removed from the module
  * dict entirely when the C API is not available.
  */
@@ -1096,10 +1101,22 @@ the local timezone used by methods such as localtime, but this behaviour\n\
 should not be relied on.");
 #endif /* HAVE_WORKING_TZSET */
 
+
+static int
+get_monotonic(_PyTime_t *t)
+{
+    // Avoid _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock() which silently ignores errors.
+    return _PyTime_GetMonotonicClockWithInfo(t, NULL);
+}
+
+
 static PyObject *
 time_monotonic(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
 {
-    _PyTime_t t = _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock();
+    _PyTime_t t;
+    if (get_monotonic(&t) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     return _PyFloat_FromPyTime(t);
 }
 
@@ -1111,7 +1128,10 @@ Monotonic clock, cannot go backward.");
 static PyObject *
 time_monotonic_ns(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
 {
-    _PyTime_t t = _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock();
+    _PyTime_t t;
+    if (get_monotonic(&t) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     return _PyTime_AsNanosecondsObject(t);
 }
 
@@ -1120,21 +1140,38 @@ PyDoc_STRVAR(monotonic_ns_doc,
 \n\
 Monotonic clock, cannot go backward, as nanoseconds.");
 
+
+static int
+get_perf_counter(_PyTime_t *t)
+{
+    // Avoid _PyTime_GetPerfCounter() which silently ignores errors.
+    return _PyTime_GetPerfCounterWithInfo(t, NULL);
+}
+
+
 static PyObject *
 time_perf_counter(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
 {
-    return perf_counter(NULL);
+    _PyTime_t t;
+    if (get_perf_counter(&t) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return _PyFloat_FromPyTime(t);
 }
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(perf_counter_doc,
 "perf_counter() -> float\n\
 \n\
 Performance counter for benchmarking.");
 
+
 static PyObject *
 time_perf_counter_ns(PyObject *self, PyObject *unused)
 {
-    _PyTime_t t = _PyTime_GetPerfCounter();
+    _PyTime_t t;
+    if (get_perf_counter(&t) < 0) {
+        return NULL;
+    }
     return _PyTime_AsNanosecondsObject(t);
 }
 
@@ -1421,7 +1458,7 @@ _PyTime_GetThreadTimeWithInfo(_PyTime_t *tp, _Py_clock_info_t *info)
 
 #if defined(__APPLE__) && defined(__has_attribute) && __has_attribute(availability)
 static int
-_PyTime_GetThreadTimeWithInfo(_PyTime_t *tp, _Py_clock_info_t *info) 
+_PyTime_GetThreadTimeWithInfo(_PyTime_t *tp, _Py_clock_info_t *info)
      __attribute__((availability(macos, introduced=10.12)))
      __attribute__((availability(ios, introduced=10.0)))
      __attribute__((availability(tvos, introduced=10.0)))
@@ -1460,7 +1497,7 @@ _PyTime_GetThreadTimeWithInfo(_PyTime_t *tp, _Py_clock_info_t *info)
 
 #ifdef HAVE_THREAD_TIME
 #ifdef __APPLE__
-/* 
+/*
  * The clock_* functions will be removed from the module
  * dict entirely when the C API is not available.
  */
@@ -2025,7 +2062,10 @@ pysleep(_PyTime_t secs)
     HANDLE hInterruptEvent;
 #endif
 
-    deadline = _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock() + secs;
+    if (get_monotonic(&monotonic) < 0) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    deadline = monotonic + secs;
 
     do {
 #ifndef MS_WINDOWS
@@ -2077,10 +2117,13 @@ pysleep(_PyTime_t secs)
         if (PyErr_CheckSignals())
             return -1;
 
-        monotonic = _PyTime_GetMonotonicClock();
+        if (get_monotonic(&monotonic) < 0) {
+            return -1;
+        }
         secs = deadline - monotonic;
-        if (secs < 0)
+        if (secs < 0) {
             break;
+        }
         /* retry with the recomputed delay */
     } while (1);
 

Python/pylifecycle.c

@@ -763,12 +763,6 @@ pycore_interp_init(PyThreadState *tstate)
         goto done;
     }
 
-    if (_Py_IsMainInterpreter(tstate)) {
-        if (_PyTime_Init() < 0) {
-            return _PyStatus_ERR("can't initialize time");
-        }
-    }
-
     status = _PySys_Create(tstate, &sysmod);
     if (_PyStatus_EXCEPTION(status)) {
         goto done;