Python Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Exercise: Classes and Objects Exercises

This Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) exercise aims to help you to learn and practice OOP concepts. All questions are tested on Python 3.

Python Object-oriented programming (OOP) is based on the concept of “objects,” which can contain data and code: data in the form of instance variables (often known as attributes or properties), and code, in the form method. I.e., Using OOP, we encapsulate related properties and behaviors into individual objects.

What is included in this Python OOP exercise?

This OOP classes and objects exercise includes 10 coding questions, programs, and challenges. All solutions are tested on Python 3.

This exercise covers questions on the following topics:

• Class and Object creation
• Instance variables and Methods, and Class level attributes
• Model systems with class inheritance i.e., inherit From Other Classes
• Parent Classes and Child Classes
• Extend the functionality of Parent Classes using Child class
• Object checking

When you complete each question, you will become more familiar with Object-Oriented Programming. Please let us know if you have any alternative solutions; it will help other developers.

Use Online Code Editor to solve exercise questions.

OOP Exercise 1: Create a Class with instance attributes

Write a Python program to create a Vehicle class with max_speed and mileage instance attributes.

Refer:

• Classes and Objects in Python
• Instance variables in Python
• Constructors in Python

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, max_speed, mileage):
        self.max_speed = max_speed
        self.mileage = mileage

modelX = Vehicle(240, 18)
print(modelX.max_speed, modelX.mileage)Code language: Python (python)

OOP Exercise 2: Create a Vehicle class without any variables and methods

class Vehicle:
    passCode language: Python (python)

OOP Exercise 3: Create a child class Bus that will inherit all of the variables and methods of the Vehicle class

Given:

class Vehicle:

    def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage):
        self.name = name
        self.max_speed = max_speed
        self.mileage = mileageCode language: Python (python)

Create a Bus object that will inherit all of the variables and methods of the parent Vehicle class and display it.

Expected Output:

Vehicle Name: School Volvo Speed: 180 Mileage: 12

Refer: Inheritance in Python

class Vehicle:

    def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage):
        self.name = name
        self.max_speed = max_speed
        self.mileage = mileage

class Bus(Vehicle):
    pass

School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 180, 12)
print("Vehicle Name:", School_bus.name, "Speed:", School_bus.max_speed, "Mileage:", School_bus.mileage)Code language: Python (python)

OOP Exercise 4: Class Inheritance

Given:

Create a Bus class that inherits from the Vehicle class. Give the capacity argument of Bus.seating_capacity() a default value of 50.

Use the following code for your parent Vehicle class.

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage):
        self.name = name
        self.max_speed = max_speed
        self.mileage = mileage

    def seating_capacity(self, capacity):
        return f"The seating capacity of a {self.name} is {capacity} passengers"Code language: Python (python)

Expected Output:

The seating capacity of a bus is 50 passengers

Refer:

• Inheritance in Python
• Polymorphism in Python

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage):
        self.name = name
        self.max_speed = max_speed
        self.mileage = mileage

    def seating_capacity(self, capacity):
        return f"The seating capacity of a {self.name} is {capacity} passengers"

class Bus(Vehicle):
    # assign default value to capacity
    def seating_capacity(self, capacity=50):
        return super().seating_capacity(capacity=50)

School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 180, 12)
print(School_bus.seating_capacity())Code language: Python (python)

OOP Exercise 5: Define a property that must have the same value for every class instance (object)

Define a class attribute”color” with a default value white. I.e., Every Vehicle should be white.

Use the following code for this exercise.

class Vehicle:

    def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage):
        self.name = name
        self.max_speed = max_speed
        self.mileage = mileage

class Bus(Vehicle):
    pass

class Car(Vehicle):
    passCode language: Python (python)

Expected Output:

Color: White, Vehicle name: School Volvo, Speed: 180, Mileage: 12
Color: White, Vehicle name: Audi Q5, Speed: 240, Mileage: 18

Refer: Class Variable in Python

class Vehicle:
    # Class attribute
    color = "White"

    def __init__(self, name, max_speed, mileage):
        self.name = name
        self.max_speed = max_speed
        self.mileage = mileage

class Bus(Vehicle):
    pass

class Car(Vehicle):
    pass

School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 180, 12)
print(School_bus.color, School_bus.name, "Speed:", School_bus.max_speed, "Mileage:", School_bus.mileage)

car = Car("Audi Q5", 240, 18)
print(car.color, car.name, "Speed:", car.max_speed, "Mileage:", car.mileage)Code language: Python (python)

OOP Exercise 6: Class Inheritance

Given:

Create a Bus child class that inherits from the Vehicle class. The default fare charge for any vehicle is its seating capacity multiplied by 100 (seating capacity * 100).

If the vehicle is a Bus instance, we need to add an extra 10% to the full fare as a maintenance charge. Therefore, the total fare for a Bus instance will be the final amount, calculated as total fare plus 10% of the total fare. (final amount = total fare + 10% of the total fare.)

Note: The bus seating capacity is 50, so the final fare amount should be 5500.

Use the following code for your parent Vehicle class. We need to access the parent class from within a method of a child class.

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name, mileage, capacity):
        self.name = name
        self.mileage = mileage
        self.capacity = capacity

    def fare(self):
        return self.capacity * 100

class Bus(Vehicle):
    pass

School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 12, 50)
print("Total Bus fare is:", School_bus.fare())Code language: Python (python)

Expected Output:

Total Bus fare is: 5500.0

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name, mileage, capacity):
        self.name = name
        self.mileage = mileage
        self.capacity = capacity

    def fare(self):
        return self.capacity * 100

class Bus(Vehicle):
    def fare(self):
        amount = super().fare()
        amount += amount * 10 / 100
        return amount

School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 12, 50)
print("Total Bus fare is:", School_bus.fare())Code language: Python (python)

OOP Exercise 7: Check type of an object

Write a program to determine which class a given Bus object belongs to.

Given:

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name, mileage, capacity):
        self.name = name
        self.mileage = mileage
        self.capacity = capacity

class Bus(Vehicle):
    pass

School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 12, 50)Code language: Python (python)

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name, mileage, capacity):
        self.name = name
        self.mileage = mileage
        self.capacity = capacity

class Bus(Vehicle):
    pass

School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 12, 50)

# Python's built-in type()
print(type(School_bus))Code language: Python (python)

OOP Exercise 8: Determine if School_bus is also an instance of the Vehicle class

Given:

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name, mileage, capacity):
        self.name = name
        self.mileage = mileage
        self.capacity = capacity

class Bus(Vehicle):
    pass

School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 12, 50)Code language: Python (python)

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name, mileage, capacity):
        self.name = name
        self.mileage = mileage
        self.capacity = capacity

class Bus(Vehicle):
    pass

School_bus = Bus("School Volvo", 12, 50)

# Python's built-in isinstance() function
print(isinstance(School_bus, Vehicle))Code language: Python (python)

OOP Exercise 9: Check object is a subclass of a particular class

Given:

class Animal:
    pass

class Dog(Animal):
    pass

class Puppy(Dog):
    pass

class Cat:
    passCode language: Python (python)

Write a code to check the following

1. Dog is a subclass of Animal? –> True
2. Animal is a subclass of Dog? –> False
3. Cat is a subclass of Animal? –> False
4. Puppy is a subclass of Animal –> True

class Animal:
    pass

class Dog(Animal):
    pass

class Puppy(Dog):
    pass

class Cat:
    pass

print(issubclass(Dog, Animal))   # Output: True  (Dog is a subclass of Animal)
print(issubclass(Animal, Dog))   # Output: False (Animal is not a subclass of Dog)
print(issubclass(Cat, Animal))    # Output: False (Cat is not related to Animal)
print(issubclass(Puppy, Animal)) # Output: True (Puppy inherits from Dog, which inherits from Animal)Code language: Python (python)

OOP Exercise 10: Calculate the area of different shapes using OOP

Given:

You have given a Shape class and subclasses Circle  and Square. The parent class (Shape) has a area() method.

Now, Write a OOP code to calculate the area of each shapes (each subclass must write its own implementation of area() method to calculates its area).

Use the following code

class Shape:
    def area(self):
        raise NotImplementedError("Area method must be implemented by subclasses")

class Circle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

class Square(Shape):
    def __init__(self, side):
        self.side = side

# Example of polymorphism
shapes = [Circle(5), Square(7), Circle(3)]

for shape in shapes:
    print(shape.area())  # Output: 78.53975, 49, 28.27431Code language: Python (python)

Refer:

• Inheritance in Python
• Polymorphism in Python

class Shape:
    def area(self):
        raise NotImplementedError("Area method must be implemented by subclasses")

class Circle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self.radius = radius

    def area(self):  # Overriding the area method
        return 3.14159 * self.radius**2

class Square(Shape):
    def __init__(self, side):
        self.side = side

    def area(self):  # Overriding the area method
        return self.side * self.side

# Example of polymorphism
shapes = [Circle(5), Square(7), Circle(3)]

for shape in shapes:
    print(shape.area())  # Output: 78.53975, 49, 28.27431Code language: Python (python)

Also, See: Python OOP Interview Questions