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Franklin Medal

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The Franklin Medal, "founded in 1914 by Samuel Insull … awarded by the Franklin Institute for signal and eminent service in science"
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Presentation of the first Franklin Medal in Philadelphia on May 19, 1915. Front row: Samuel Insull, Walton Clark, recipient Thomas Edison and his wife Mina Miller, Chevalier Van Rappard, accepting the award for Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. Back row: Robert Bowie Owens, John J. Carty, Frank J. Sprague, William Stanley, R. Tait McKenzie.

The Franklin Medal was a science award presented from 1915 until 1997 by the Franklin Institute located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It was founded in 1914 by innovator Samuel Insull, and it was the most prestigious of the various awards presented by the Franklin Institute.[1] Together with the other eight historical awards, it was merged into the Benjamin Franklin Medal, initiated in 1998.[2]

Laureates

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Recipients are listed in a database on The Franklin Institute website.[2]

Year Country Recipient Discipline Notes
1915 Image United States Thomas Edison Engineering [3]
1915 Image Netherlands Heike Kamerlingh Onnes Physics
1916 Image United States John J. Carty Engineering
1916 Image United States Theodore William Richards Chemistry
1917 Image Netherlands Hendrik Lorentz Physics
1917 Image United States David W. Taylor Engineering
1918 Image Italy Guglielmo Marconi Engineering
1918 Image United States Thomas Corwin Mendenhall Physics
1919 Image Great Britain James Dewar Physics
1919 Image United States George Owen Squier Engineering
1920 Image Sweden Svante Arrhenius Chemistry
1920 Image Great Britain Charles Algernon Parsons Engineering
1921 Image France Charles Fabry Physics
1921 Image United States Frank J. Sprague Engineering
1921 Image Poland Ralph Modjeski Engineering
1922 Image Great Britain J. J. Thomson Physics
1923 Image France Gustave-Auguste Ferrié Engineering/Computer and Cognitive Science [4]
1923 Image United States Albert A. Michelson Physics
1924 Image Great Britain Ernest Rutherford Chemistry
1924 Image United States Edward Weston Engineering
1925 Image United States Elihu Thomson Engineering
1925 Image Netherlands Pieter Zeeman Physics
1926 Image Denmark Niels Bohr Physics
1926 Image United States Samuel Rea Engineering
1927 Image United States George Ellery Hale Physics
1927 Image Germany Max Planck Physics
1928 Image United States Charles F. Brush Engineering
1928 Image Germany Walther Nernst Chemistry
1929 Image United States Emile Berliner Engineering
1929 Image Great Britain Charles Thomson Rees Wilson Physics
1930 Image Great Britain William Henry Bragg Physics
1930 Image United States John Frank Stevens Engineering
1931 Image Great Britain James Hopwood Jeans Physics
1931 Image United States Willis R. Whitney Engineering
1932 Image Germany Philipp Lenard Physics
1932 Image United States Ambrose Swasey Engineering
1933 Image France Paul Sabatier Chemistry
1933 Image United States Orville Wright Engineering
1934 Image United States Irving Langmuir Chemistry
1934 Image United States Henry Norris Russell Physics
1935 Image  Switzerland[a] Albert Einstein Physics
1935 Image Great Britain John Ambrose Fleming Engineering
1936 Image United States Frank B. Jewett Engineering
1936 Image United States Charles F. Kettering Engineering
1937 Image United States Peter Debye Chemistry
1937 Image United States Robert Andrews Millikan Physics
1938 Image United States William F. Durand Engineering
1938 Image United States Charles A. Kraus Chemistry
1939 Image United States Edwin Hubble Physics
1939 Image Belgium Albert Sauveur Engineering
1940 Image Belgium Leo Baekeland Engineering
1940 Image United States Arthur Compton Physics
1941 Image United States Edwin H. Armstrong Engineering
1941 Image India C. V. Raman Physics [6]
1942 Image United States Jerome Clarke Hunsaker Engineering
1942 Image United States Paul Dyer Merica Engineering [7]
1943 Image United States G. W. Pierce Engineering
1943 Image United States Harold Urey Physics
1944 Image United States William D. Coolidge Engineering
1944 Image Soviet Union Peter Kapitza Physics
1945 Image United States Harlow Shapley Physics
1946 Image United States Henry Clapp Sherman Life Science [8]
1946 Image Great Britain Henry Tizard Engineering [9]
1946 Image United States Enrico Fermi Physics [10]
1947 Image Great Britain Robert Robinson Chemistry [11]
1948 Image United States Wendell Meredith Stanley Life Science [12]
1948 Image United States Theodore von Kármán Engineering [13]
1949 Image Sweden Theodor Svedberg Life Science [14]
1950 Image United States Eugene Wigner Physics [15]
1951 Image Great Britain James Chadwick Physics [16]
1952 Image Austria Wolfgang Pauli Physics [17]
1953 Image United States William Francis Gibbs Engineering [18]
1954 Image Great Britain Kenneth Mees Engineering [19]
1955 Image Sweden Arne Tiselius Life Science [20]
1956 Image Great Britain Frank Whittle Engineering [21]
1957 Image Great Britain Hugh Stott Taylor Chemistry [22]
1958 Image United States Donald Wills Douglas Engineering [23]
1959 Image United States Hans Bethe Physics [24]
1960 Image United States Roger Adams Engineering [25]
1961 Image United States Detlev Bronk Life Science [26]
1962 Image Great Britain G. I. Taylor Life Science [27]
1963 Image United States Glenn T. Seaborg Physics [28]
1964 Image United States Gregory Breit Physics [29]
1965 Image United States Frederick Seitz Engineering [30]
1966 Image United States Britton Chance Life Science [31]
1967 Image United States Murray Gell-Mann Physics [32]
1968 Image United States Marshall Warren Nirenberg Life Science [33]
1969 Image United States John Archibald Wheeler Physics [34]
1970 Image Germany Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky Physics [35]
1971 Image Sweden Hannes Alfvén Physics [36]
1972 Image United States George Kistiakowsky Chemistry [37]
1973 Image United States Theodosius Dobzhansky Life Science [38]
1974 Image Soviet Union Nikolay Bogolyubov Physics [39]
1975 Image United States John Bardeen Physics [40]
1976 Image United States Mahlon Hoagland Life Science [41]
1977 Image United States Cyril M. Harris Engineering [42]
1978 Image United States Elias James Corey Chemistry [43]
1979 Image Great Britain G. Evelyn Hutchinson Life Science [44]
1980 Image United States Avram Goldstein Life Science [45]
1980 Image United States Lyman Spitzer Physics [46]
1981 Image Great Britain Stephen Hawking Physics [47]
1982 Image Argentina César Milstein Life Science [48]
1982 Image United States Kenneth G. Wilson Physics [49]
1984 Image United States Verner E. Suomi Engineering [50]
1985 Image United States George C. Pimentel Physics [51]
1986 Image United States Benoît Mandelbrot Physics [52]
1987 Image United States Stanley Cohen Life Science [53]
1988 Image United States Donald Knuth Computer and Cognitive Science [54]
1990 Image Great Britain Hugh Huxley Life Science [55]
1990 Image United States David Turnbull Physics [56]
1992 Image United States Frederick Reines Physics [57]
1995 Image Netherlands Gerard 't Hooft Physics [58]
1996 Image United States Richard Smalley Chemistry [59]
1997 Image Italy Mario Capecchi Life Science [60]
[61]

Notes

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  1. ↑ Einstein acquired Swiss citizenship in 1901 and held it for the rest of his life. A German until shortly before emigrating to the United States and becoming affiliated with the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton in 1933, he surrendered his passport and formally renounced his German citizenship on March 28 of that year, in response to Adolf Hitler's rise to power.[5] In 1935, he decided to remain in the U.S. permanently and became an American citizen in 1940.

References

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  1. ↑ Flam, Faye (April 29, 1996). "Five to Get Franklin Institute Honors". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on September 22, 2015. Retrieved 2015-05-08.
  2. 1 2 "Laureates Search". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. Retrieved 2015-05-08.
  3. ↑ "Thomas Alva Edison". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  4. ↑ "Auguste G. Ferrie". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  5. ↑ Isaacson, Walter (2007). Einstein: His Life and Universe. New York: Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. pp. 407–410. ISBN 978-0-7432-6473-0.
  6. ↑ "Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  7. ↑ "Paul Dyer Merica". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  8. ↑ "Henry Clapp Sherman". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  9. ↑ "Henry Thomas Tizard". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  10. ↑ "Enrico Fermi". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  11. ↑ "Robert Robinson". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  12. ↑ "Wendell Meredith Stanley". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  13. ↑ "Theodor Von Karman". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  14. ↑ "The Svedberg". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  15. ↑ "Eugene P. Wigner". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  16. ↑ "James Chadwick". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  17. ↑ "Wolfgang Pauli". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  18. ↑ "William Francis Gibbs". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  19. ↑ "Charles Edward Kenneth Mees". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  20. ↑ "Arne Tiselius". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  21. ↑ "Frank Whittle". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  22. ↑ "Hugh Stott Taylor". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  23. ↑ "Donald Wills Douglas". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  24. ↑ "Hans Albrecht Bethe". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  25. ↑ "Roger Adams". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 10 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  26. ↑ "Detlev W. Bronk". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  27. ↑ "Geoffrey Ingram Taylor". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  28. ↑ "Glenn T. Seaborg". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  29. ↑ "Gregory Breit". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  30. ↑ "Frederick Seitz". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  31. ↑ "Britton Chance". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  32. ↑ "Murray Gell-Mann". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. Archived from the original on 2021-02-23. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  33. ↑ "Marshall Warren Nirenberg". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  34. ↑ "John Archibald Wheeler". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  35. ↑ "Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  36. ↑ "Hannes Alfven". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  37. ↑ "George Kistiakowsky". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  38. ↑ "Theodosius Grigorevich Dobzhansky". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  39. ↑ "Nikolai Nikolaevich Bogoliubov". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  40. ↑ "John Bardeen". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  41. ↑ "Mahlon B. Hoagland". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  42. ↑ "Cyril Manton Harris". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  43. ↑ "Elias J. Corey". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  44. ↑ "G. Evelyn Hutchinson". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  45. ↑ "Avram Goldstein". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  46. ↑ "Lyman Spitzer Jr". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  47. ↑ "Stephen W. Hawking". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  48. ↑ "Cesar Milstein". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  49. ↑ "Kenneth Geddes Wilson". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  50. ↑ "Verner E. Suomi". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  51. ↑ "George Claude Pimentel". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  52. ↑ "Benoît Mandelbrot". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  53. ↑ "Stanley Cohen". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  54. ↑ "Donald Ervin Knuth". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  55. ↑ "Hugh E. Huxley". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  56. ↑ "David Turnbull". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  57. ↑ "Frederick Reines". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  58. ↑ "Gerard 't Hooft". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  59. ↑ "Richard E. Smalley". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  60. ↑ "Mario Renato Capecchi". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 2016-01-30.
  61. ↑ "Nader Engheta". The Franklin Institute Awards. Franklin Institute. 18 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
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